The binding of hafnium to nitrilotriacetate

Using the TDPAC method the formation of Hf-Nitrilotriacetate (Hf-NTA) was investigated. The dependence of the complex formation on the molar ratios of Hf to NTA and upon the pH value was studied. With additional data taken from the chemical analogue Zr-NTA the structure of the complex can be given.     

Detection of protease activities with the mass-spectrometry-assisted enzyme-screening (MES) system

The MALDI-MES provides a rapid, sensitive and reproducible alternative approach to existing analytical techniques for the detection of enzymatic activities that does not require a chromophore or radiolabeling. An improved method is presented, by which enzymes with defined substrate specificities can be detected with a MALDI mass spectrometer in complex protein fractions. In order to demonstrate the utility of the new method, in this study we describe the use of MALDI-MES to detect proteolytic activities in a protein extract from porcine renal tissue, which contained several thousand proteins as visualized by 2D electrophoresis. The analytical procedure is based on covalent immobilization of proteins to beads. By immobilizing proteins, autolytic and proteolytic degradation is prevented and the removal of those molecules from the protein fraction is achieved, which otherwise would interfere with the mass spectrometric detection of the enzymatic reaction products. The enzymatic activity is determined by incubating the immobilized proteins with a reaction-specific probe, followed by the analysis of the reaction mixture with the MALDI-MS after defined incubation times. The presence of the target enzyme is validated by locating a signal, which fits the molecular mass of the expected reaction product in the mass spectrum. To demonstrate how to detect proteolytic activities in this system, the reactions catalyzed by endopeptidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme, kallikrein, renin, and urotensin-converting enzyme were monitored. The experiments showed that the MALDI-MES method is sufficient according the quantification to investigate the effects of inhibitors. This is demonstrated using a specific renin inhibitor to inhibit an angiotensin-I generating enzyme activity in a renal protein extract.Abbreviations MALDI-MS matrix-assisted mass spectrometry - MES mass-spectrometry-assisted enzyme-screening system     

Gas chromatography for in situ analysis of a cometary nucleus. IV. Study of capillary column robustness for space application

As part of the development of the European Space Agency Rosetta space mission to investigate a cometary nucleus, the selection of columns dedicated to the gas chromatographic subsystem of the Cometary Sampling and Composition (COSAC) experiment was achieved. Once the space probe launched, these columns will be exposed to the harsh environmental constraints of space missions: vibrations, radiation (by photons or energetic particles), space vacuum, and large temperature range. In order to test the resistance of the flight columns and their stationary phases, the columns were exposed to these rough conditions reproduced in the laboratory. The comparison of the analytical performances of the columns, evaluated prior and after the environmental tests, demonstrated that all the columns withstand space constraints, and that their analytical properties were preserved. Therefore, all the selected capillary columns, even having porous layer or chiral stationary phases, were qualified for space exploration.     

Radiogaschromatographische Analyse tritiummarkierter aromatischer Nitro- und Halogenverbindungen bei h?heren Temperaturen

Zusammenfassung Ein gaschromatographisches Verfahren wird beschrieben, welches es gestattet, die nach verschiedenen Markierungsmethoden tritierten aromatischen Halogen- und Nitrokörper zu trennen. Dadurch wird zugleich auch eine empfindliche Messung der ³H-Aktivität im Gasdurchflußzählrohr erreicht und es läßt sich schnell eine Auskunft über den Ort der ³H-Markierung im Molekül erhalten.Die ³H-Aktivitätsmessung erfolgt synchron zur Wärmeleitfähigkeitsanzeige über ein direkt in den Gaschromatographen eingebautes Gasdurchfluß-Proportionalzählrohr von etwa 15 ml Volumen, welches noch bei den erforderlichen hohen Temperaturen von über 210°C betrieben werden kann.Die Schwierigkeiten der Radioaktivitätsmessung in diesem Temperaturbereich liegen darin, daß die (in Milligramm-Mengen vorliegenden) hochsiedenden Stoffe, die mit gebräuchlichen Zählgas-Mischungen betriebenen Proportionalzählrohre stets vergiften. Daher mußte eine spezielle Zählgaszusammensetzung gesucht werden, welche eine Zählrohr-Vergiftung vermeidet. Es wurde nun gefunden, daß ein bestimmter Zusatz von Chlor- bzw. Nitrobenzoldampf zu einem Helium-Methangemisch ein gut arbeitendes Zählgas ergab, das selbst beim Durchsatz größerer Substanzmengen des Analysengutes die Zähleigenschaften des Durchflußzählrohres nicht ändert.Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Teil der Dissertation von A. Thiemann, Köln 1961.Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Bundesministerium für Atomkernenergie und Wasserwirtschaft sind wir für die Bereitstellung von Geräten sehr zu Dank verpflichtet.     

Complexation properties and characterization of four conformers of a [2.1.2.1]metacyclophane

Cone, partial cone, 1,2-alternate, and 1,4-alternate conformers of tetrakis[(ethoxycarbonyl)-methoxy] [2.1.2.1]metacyclophane (MCP,2) were isolated and characterized by¹H-NMR and an X-ray crystal structure analysis of the 1,4-alternate conformer. Of the four conformers, only the cone conformer2d forms a complex with alkali metals. The stability constants of2d with alkali metal ions were determined by the direct¹H-NMR method and UV spectra, and the order observed as potassium cesium, sodium ions.This paper is dedicated to the commemorative issue on the 50th anniversary of calixarenes.     

Study of 3d – 4f and 3d – 5f quartet and doublet transitions of doubly excited three-electron ions

We present the first observation of optical transitions between doubly excited doublet states in the term systems N V, O VI and F VII. The spectra were produced by foil excitation of fast ion beams. The assignment of the spectral lines was made by comparison with the results of MCDF calculations along the isoelectronic sequence. The same method also led to the identification of two 3d – 4f quartet transitions in Mg X.     

Spektralphotometrische Bestimmung des Urans in Erzen und Kernbrennstoffen als Na4[UO2(CO3)3] bzw. K4[UO2(CO3)3]

Ohne Zusammenfassung