Ruthenium-catalyzed functionalization of pyrroles and indoles with propargyl alcohols

Several ruthenium-catalyzed atom-economic transformations of propargyl alcohols with pyrroles or indoles leading to alkylated, propargylated, or annulated heteroaromatics are reported. The mechanistically distinct reactions are catalyzed by a single ruthenium(0) complex containing a redox-coupled dienone ligand. The mode of activation regarding the propargyl alcohols determines the reaction pathway and depends on the alcohols' substitution pattern. Secondary substrates form alkenyl complexes by a 1,2-hydrogen shift, whereas the transformation of tertiary substrates involves allenylidene intermediates. 1-Vinyl propargyl alcohols are converted by a cascade allylation/cyclization sequence. The environmentally benign processes are of broad scope and allow the selective synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles and indoles generating water as the only waste product.     

Abelian Chern-Simons theory, Stokes’ theorem, and generalized connections

Generalized connections and their calculus have been developed in the context of quantum gravity. Here we apply them to abelian Chern-Simons theory. We derive the expectation values of holonomies in U(1) Chern-Simons theory using Stokes’ theorem, flux operators and generalized connections. A framing of the holonomy loops arises in our construction, and we show how, by choosing natural framings, the resulting expectation values nevertheless define a functional over gauge invariant cylindrical functions.The abelian theory considered in the present article is the test case for our method. It can also be applied to the non-abelian theory. Results will be reported in a companion article.     

6‐[3‐Hydroxy‐17‐oxoestra‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐7β‐yl]­hexane­nitrile

In the title compound, C₂₄H₃₁NO₂, ring B adopts a conformation between the boat and twisted‐boat forms. This conformation best accommodates adverse intramolecular H⋯H interactions between the H atoms of the 7β‐substituent and the two nearest ring H atoms. The tilt angle between rings A and D is 28.6 (1)°.     

Solid state species under the influence of nature and science

From September 15^th – 22^nd, 1996 the 3^rd Euroconference on Solid State Ionics took place in the Hotel “Baia delle Ginestre„ near Teulada, which is situated on the marvellous island of Sardinia. About 100 participants came from countries like Russia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Bulgaria, Japan, China, Scotland, England, France, Belgium, Portugal, Greece, Italy, Spain, Israel and Germany and had to deal with almost all fields of Solid State Ionics. The conference and its atmosphere, which was very nice indeed, will be described in detail using some models for the processes which were taking place. Some conclusions will be drawn as well.     

Structure parameters and polarity of the wurtzite type compounds Sic—2H and ZnO

The structure parameters of the wurtzite type compounds Sic—2H and ZnO were determined using X-ray intensities from single crystals collected with an automatic single crystal diffractometer. The lattice constants and the u-values are $\text{a}\text{= 3.079}\text{A}\text{?}\text{,}\text{c}\text{= 5.053}\text{A}\text{?}\text{,}\text{u}\text{= 0.3760}$ for Sic—2H and $\text{a}\text{= 3.253}\text{A}\text{?}\text{,}\text{c}\text{= 5.213}\text{A}\text{?}\text{,}\text{u}\text{= 0.3820}$ for ZnO. The final reliability values for refinements with anisotropic temperature factors are equal to R = 0.032 for Sic—2H and R = 0.024 for ZnO.