Evaluation of sample treatment procedures for the routine identification and determination at nanogram level of O6-monoacetylmorphine in urine by capillary GC and dual NPD-FID

Three methods were evaluated for the determination of O⁶-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), the specific metabolite of heroin in human urine, by GC-NPD-FID. The procedure devised for a hydrophobic cation exchange column showed superior performances over the liquid-liquid extraction technique and solid phase extraction with C₁₈. 6-MAM can be analyzed in random urines at the 2 ng/mL concentration with classical equipment for the differentiation between heroin intake and opiates from various origins. The procedure was also applied to enzymatic and acid hydrolyzates of urines. The simultaneous presence of morphine and codeine are useful in the interpretation of results.     

Molecular deformation mechanisms of isotactic polypropylene in α‐ and β‐crystal forms by FTIR spectroscopy

The orientation behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in α‐ and β‐crystal form was investigated by rheo‐optical Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This method enabled quantification of the degree of orientation as a feature of structural changes during uniaxial elongation in not only the crystalline phase but also the amorphous one. Molecular orientation mechanisms can be successfully derived from experimental results. Generally, three mechanisms were detected for iPP: (1) interlamellar separation in the amorphous phase, (2) interlamellar slip and lamellar twisting at small elongations, and (3) intralamellar slip at high elongations. The third mechanism was favored by α‐PP, whereas β‐PP favored the second mechanism, which, in fact, was responsible for the different mechanical properties of both materials at the macroscopic level. On the other hand, crystallization conditions may have significantly affected the amorphous orientation. Nevertheless, for both iPP types the chains in the amorphous phase always oriented less than did those in the crystalline phase. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4478–4488, 2004     

Fast and continuous isolation of short-lived mercury isotopes from diluted sulphuric acid solution

The seconds living mercury isotopes have been isolated from nuclear reaction products arising in the bombardment of ¹⁴⁷Sm target with ⁴⁰Ar ions at the U-400 cyclotron of JINR-Dubna.     

Optimality Conditions and Stability Analysis via the Mordukhovich Subdifferential

This article shows that finite-dimensional multiplier rules, which are based on the limiting subdifferential, can be proved by Ekeland's variational principle and some basic calculus tools of the generalized differentiation theory introduced by B. S. Mordukhovich. Consequences of a limiting constraint qualification, which yields the normal form of the multiplier rules, stability and calmness of optimization problems, are investigated in detail.     

A Copper(I)-Catalyzed Sulfonylative Hiyama Cross-Coupling

An air-tolerant Cu-catalyzed sulfonylative Hiyama cross-coupling reaction enabling the formation of diaryl sulfones is described. Starting from aryl silanes, DABSO and aryliodides, the reaction tolerates a large variety of polar functional groups (amines, ketones, esters, aldehydes). Control experiments coupled with DFT calculations shed light on the mechanism, characterized by the formation of a Cu(I)-sulfinate intermediate via fast insertion of a SO₂ molecule.     

Synthesis,photopolymerization, and adhesive properties of new bisphosphonic acid monomers for dental application

Four new monomers, 3‐(N‐methylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, 3‐(N‐propyl‐acrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, 3‐(N‐hexylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, and 3‐(N‐octylacrylamido)propylidenebisphosphonic acid, have been synthesized in good yields and fully characterized by ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR, and HRMS. The copolymerization of these monomers with N,N′‐diethyl‐1,3‐bis(acrylamido)propane (DEBAAP) has been investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. These mixtures show a higher reactivity than DEBAAP. New self‐etch dental primers, based on these acrylamide monomers, have been formulated. Dentin shear bond strength measurements have shown that primers based on these bisphosphonic acids assure a strong bond between the tooth substance and a dental composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5258–5271, 2009