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81.
The heterogeneous catalytic systems realized by alkaline earth oxides are successfully applicable to the highly efficient intramolecular Tishchenko lactonization of o-phthalaldehyde to phthalide. 相似文献
82.
Fujiwara H Kimura A Yanagawa Y Kamiya T Hattori M Hiraga T 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2001,150(2):156-160
Size dependency of the relaxation time T(1) was measured for laser-polarized (129)Xe gas encapsulated in different sized cavities made by glass bulbs or gelatin capsules. The use of laser-polarized gas enhances the sensitivity a great deal, making it possible to measure the longer (129)Xe relaxation time in quite a short time. The size dependency is analyzed on the basis of the kinetic theory of gases and a relationship is derived in which the relaxation rate is connected with the square inverse of the diameter of the cavity. Such an analysis provides a novel parameter which denotes the wall effect on the relaxation rate when a gas molecule collides with the surface once in a second. The relaxation time of (129)Xe gas is also dependent on the material which forms the cavity. This dependency is large and the relaxation study using polarized (129)Xe gas is expected to offer important information about the state of the matter of the cavity wall. 相似文献
83.
Tsuneaki Suzuki Teruyuki Nakajima 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2007,107(3):458-469
We derived new scaling formulae based on the method of successive orders of scattering to calculate solar radiative flux. In this report, we demonstrate a multiple scaling method, in which we introduce scaling factors for each scattering order independently. The formula of radiative transfer by the method of successive orders of scattering cannot be solved rapidly except in the case of optically thin atmospheres. Then we further derived a double scaling method, which scales the ordinary radiative transfer equation by two scaling factors. We applied the double scaling method to two-stream and four-stream approximations of the discrete ordinates method. Comparing the results of the double scaling method with those of the delta-M method, we found that the double scaling method improved the accuracy of radiative fluxes at large solar zenith angles, especially in the optically thin region, and that in the region where multiple scattering dominates, its accuracy was comparable to that of the delta-M method. Once we determined the scaling factors appropriately, the double scaling method calculated radiative fluxes as rapidly as the delta-M method in the two-stream and four-stream approximations. This method, therefore, is useful for accurate computation of solar radiative fluxes in general circulation models. 相似文献
84.
The lithium ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) based on PVAc-LiClO4 of various compositions were prepared by solution casting technique. Structure and surface morphology characterization were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, respectively. Thermal and conductivity behavior of polymer-salt complexes were studied by employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ac impedance measurements, respectively. XRD and SEM analyses indicate the amorphous nature of the polymer-salt complexes. DSC measurements show decrease in Tg with the increase in LiClO4 concentrations. The bulk conductivity of the PVAc:LiClO4 polymer electrolytes was found to vary between 7.6×10−7 and 6.2×10−5 S cm−1 at 303 K with the increase in salt concentration. The temperature dependence of the polymer electrolyte complexes appear to obey Arrhenius law. 相似文献
85.
In this study, water penetration and the interaction between water and a pharmaceutical excipient in a tablet were investigated using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW-2DCS). The penetration rate of water into a tablet was mainly dependent on the porosity of the tablet and was less dependent on the type of excipient. This behavior was well described by the Lucas–Washburn theory. The PCMW-2DCS technique revealed that there are two-staged interaction changes in NIR spectra of the water–powder interactions. The first and second changes corresponded to the water–solid interaction and the dissolution of the solid, respectively. The diffusion-controlled dissolution model by Nernst well explained these results. 相似文献
86.
We show that the transfinite inductive dimensions modulo PP-trind and P-trInd introduced in M.G. Charalambous (1997) [2] differ by simple spaces, where P is the absolutely additive Borel class A(α) or the absolutely multiplicative Borel class M(α), 0?α<ω1. 相似文献
87.
Teruyuki Hakoda Muhammed Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury Akihiko Shimada Koichi Hirota 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2009,29(6):549-557
The decomposition of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at initial concentrations of 4.5–18.0 ppmv in air was studied under electron-beam
(EB) irradiation. Doses to decompose 90% of input DMS were 2.5 kGy for 4.5 ppmv, 3.4 kGy for 10.6 ppmv, and 3.9 kGy for 18.0 ppmv.
HCOOH, (CH3)2SO, and trace CH3OH and (CH3)2SO2 were produced as irradiation products in addition to CO2 and CO. Application of an O3 decomposition catalyst to an irradiated sample gas led to an enhancement in the oxidation of DMS and its products into CO2 and the decomposition of O3. For 10.6 ppmv DMS/air, the mineralization ratio increased from 41% via only EB irradiation to 100% via the combination treatment
at 6.3 kGy. The yield of CO2 to COx increased from 5.3 to 87.6% by combination with catalytic oxidation. This combination treatment enables the irradiation energy
used to deodorize gas streams containing DMS to be reduced. 相似文献
88.
It has long been known that homologous blood transfusion will result in a lot ofserious problems such as viral infections,for example AIDS,hepatitis,antigenicsensitization and GVHD;therefore aggressive testing of donor blood has beenadopted[1 ,2 ] .Even after this introduction,which is time-consuming and expensive,wecould not eliminate all the risks. In the wake of these kinds of pitfalls,production andclinical use of the blood substitutes have emerged.The essential aim of blood substitutei… 相似文献
89.
Effect of tea polyphenols on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M Hattori I T Kusumoto T Namba T Ishigami Y Hara 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》1990,38(3):717-720
In the course of our studies on the development of anti-plaque agents for prevention of dental caries, we investigated effects of some of tea preparations and their individual components on the glucan synthesis catalyzed by glucosyltransferase (GTF) from Streptococcus mutans. Extracts of green tea and black tea, and polyphenol mixtures showed appreciable inhibition in the synthesis of insoluble glucan. Among the components isolated from tea infusions, theaflavin and its mono- and digallates had potent inhibitory activities at concentrations of 1-10 mM against GTF. (+)-Catechin, (-)-epicatechin and their enantiomers had moderate inhibitory activities at these concentrations, while galloyl esters of (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-gallocatechin had increased inhibitory activities. 相似文献
90.