全文获取类型
收费全文 | 201998篇 |
免费 | 2243篇 |
国内免费 | 500篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 110569篇 |
晶体学 | 3647篇 |
力学 | 7996篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
数学 | 19193篇 |
物理学 | 63325篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 1725篇 |
2019年 | 1920篇 |
2018年 | 2237篇 |
2017年 | 2355篇 |
2016年 | 3515篇 |
2015年 | 2190篇 |
2014年 | 3548篇 |
2013年 | 9079篇 |
2012年 | 6509篇 |
2011年 | 8014篇 |
2010年 | 5697篇 |
2009年 | 5655篇 |
2008年 | 7156篇 |
2007年 | 7067篇 |
2006年 | 6701篇 |
2005年 | 6054篇 |
2004年 | 5519篇 |
2003年 | 5099篇 |
2002年 | 4868篇 |
2001年 | 6141篇 |
2000年 | 4622篇 |
1999年 | 3518篇 |
1998年 | 2745篇 |
1997年 | 2702篇 |
1996年 | 2591篇 |
1995年 | 2440篇 |
1994年 | 2331篇 |
1993年 | 2166篇 |
1992年 | 2826篇 |
1991年 | 2730篇 |
1990年 | 2674篇 |
1989年 | 2691篇 |
1988年 | 2713篇 |
1987年 | 2722篇 |
1986年 | 2592篇 |
1985年 | 3304篇 |
1984年 | 3313篇 |
1983年 | 2598篇 |
1982年 | 2709篇 |
1981年 | 2763篇 |
1980年 | 2533篇 |
1979年 | 2875篇 |
1978年 | 2860篇 |
1977年 | 2980篇 |
1976年 | 2816篇 |
1975年 | 2553篇 |
1974年 | 2509篇 |
1973年 | 2465篇 |
1972年 | 1702篇 |
1968年 | 1703篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
881.
A sharp coefficient estimate,distortion theorem and the radius of convexityare determined for the class R(α,β,A,B) of function f(z)=z+(?)anzn satisfyingthe condition |(f′(z)-1)/(Bf′(z)-[B+(A-B)(1-α)])|<β for some α,β(0≤α<1,0<β≤1) and -1≤A相似文献
882.
Sydney C. K. Chu 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1989,40(9):771-778
This paper reports the actual implementation of a location-allocation study, which is one aspect of the overall Passive Cooling (Thailand) Project conducted in Northern Thailand since 1985. The goal has been to generate decision supports for ‘optimal’ placements of cooling facilities and the assignment of sites to these facilities as part of the post-harvest handling-chain operation of agricultural products. The basic questions addressed in this work are the issues of how many facilities to set up and where to locate them for maximum utility. Our selected approach is to use discrete location-allocation modelling, as, among other reasons, the problem at hand has a most natural network setting. Direct methods as well as efficient heuristics are examined, and sample numerical results are reported as illustrations of the continual implementation. 相似文献
883.
We study networks of coupled phase oscillators and show that
network architecture can force relations between average
frequencies of the oscillators. The main tool of our analysis is
the coupled cell theory developed by Stewart, Golubitsky, Pivato,
and Torok, which provides precise relations between network
architecture and the corresponding class of ODEs in RM and
gives conditions for the flow-invariance of certain polydiagonal
subspaces for all coupled systems with a given network
architecture. The theory generalizes the notion of fixed-point
subspaces for subgroups of network symmetries and directly extends
to networks of coupled phase oscillators. For systems of coupled phase oscillators (but not generally for ODEs in RM, where M ≥ 2), invariant polydiagonal subsets of
codimension one arise naturally and strongly restrict the network
dynamics. We say that two oscillators i and j coevolve if the polydiagonal θi = θj is flow-invariant, and show that the average frequencies of these
oscillators must be equal. Given a network architecture, it is shown that coupled cell theory
provides a direct way of testing how coevolving oscillators form
collections with closely related dynamics. We give a
generalization of these results to synchronous clusters of phase
oscillators using quotient networks, and discuss implications for
networks of spiking cells and those connected through buffers that
implement coupling dynamics. 相似文献
884.
S. M. Arabei D. V. Novik T. A. Pavich K. N. Solov’ev 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》2006,73(4):511-521
We have studied the fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra at 300 K, 77 K, and 4.2 K for silicate gel matrices colored
with meso-tetrapropylporphin by impregnation of the matrix with a solution of the pigment. Comparison of the data obtained
with the absorption spectra in acidified solutions and analysis of the low-temperature fine-structure vibronic spectra, and
also taking into account data obtained earlier for octaethylporphin in a xerogel showed formation of two cationic forms of
meso-tetrapropylporphin in the gel matrix: the short-wavelength form has a dicationic structure, while the long-wavelength form
has a monocationic structure. We have traced out the correlations of the vibrational structure in the spectra of the dicationic
form with data for the porphin dication, and we have drawn a number of conclusions concerning the normal vibrational modes
that are active in the vibronic fluorescence and absorption spectra of the studied cationic forms. Using the AM1 semiempirical
quantum chemical method, we optimized the geometry of the mesotetrapropylporphin dication: the most stable of the possible
conformers is the dication structure with saddleshaped macrocycle nonplanarity.
__________
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 453–461, July–August, 2006. 相似文献
885.
886.
E. Nir Ch. Plützer K. Kleinermanns M. de Vries 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,20(3):317-329
The vibronic spectra of laser desorbed and jet cooled guanine (G) adenine (A), and cytosine (C) consist of bands from four,
two and two major tautomers respectively, as revealed by UV-UV and IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy. The vibronic spectrum
of adenine around 277 nm consists of weak nπ* and strong ππ* transitions, based on IR-UV and deuteration experiments. Precise ionization potentials of G and A were determined with 2-color,
2-photon ionization. We also measured vibronic and IR spectra of several base pairs. GC exhibits a HNH ... OH/NH ... N/C=O ... HNH bonding similar to the Watson-Crick GC base pair but with C as enol tautomer. One GG isomer exhibits non-symmetric hydrogen
bonding with HNH ... N/NH ... N/C=O ... HNH interactions. A second observed GG isomer has a symmetrical hydrogen bond arrangement with C=O ... NH/NH ... O=C bonding. Two CC isomers were observed with symmetrical C=O ... NH/NH ... O=C bonding and nonsymmetrical C=O ... HNH/NH ... N interaction, respectively. Guanosine (Gs), 2-DeoxyGs und 3-DeoxyGs each exhibit only one isomer in the investigated wavelength
range around 290 nm with a strong intramolecular sugar(5-OH) ... enolguanine(3-N) hydrogen bond.
Received 16 June 2002 / Received in final form 15 July 2002 Published online 13 September 2002 相似文献
887.
R. A. Wind P. D. Majors K. R. Minard E. J. Ackerman D. S. Daly G. R. Holtom B. D. Thrall T. J. Weber 《Applied magnetic resonance》2002,22(2):145-158
Confocal fluorescence optical microscopy and magnetic resonance microscopy are each used to study live cells in a minimally invasive way. Both techniques provide complementary information. Therefore, by examining cells simultaneously with both methodologies, more detailed information is obtained than is possible with each microscope individually. In this paper two configurations of a combined confocal and magnetic resonance microscope are described. The first configuration is capable of studying large single cells or three-dimensional cell agglomerates, whereas the second configuration is designed for the investigation of monolayers of mammalian cells. In both cases the sample compartment is part of a temperature regulated perfusion system. Images obtained with the combined system are shown forXenopus laevis oocytes, model JB6 tumor spheroids, and a single layer of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Finally, potential applications of the combined microscope are discussed. 相似文献
888.
Bandcrossing in 31 rotational bands of 25 different odd-A nuclei in the rare-earth region has been analysed by using a two-band mixing formalism with a constant band interaction within
the framework of the effective decoupling picture. The interband interaction strengthV between the one-quasiparticle band and the three-quasiparticle band exhibits a variation with the neutron number which is
not different from the oscillatory behaviour observed in even-even nuclei and does not show signs of any appreciable phase
shifting as predicted by theory. However, the overall range of variation ofV is greater than that observed in even-even systems. 相似文献
889.
K. K. Tam 《Studies in Applied Mathematics》1989,81(2):117-124
A simple model for combustion consisting of two parabolic equations is considered. It is shown that plane wave solutions exist. Certain invariant integrals are obtained, from which a nonexistence criterion is derived. The effect of the wave speed on the shape of the wave is deduced. 相似文献
890.
Mukund K. Gurjar 《Tetrahedron letters》2006,47(39):6979-6981
The synthesis of a chiral cyclic nitrone with l-arabino configuration and its application in the total synthesis of radicamine B is reported. An agreement in the spectral data with natural radicamine B but specific rotation with an opposite sign warranted a revision of the absolute configuration of radicamine B. 相似文献