Effect of fruit extract on renal stone formation and kidney injury in rats

This study investigated the effect of oral administration of Cactus fruit extracts on calcium oxalate deposition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat model. About 42 rats were used for the study. The animals were divided into seven groups. Control group maintained on regular rat food and drinking water throughout the study period, whereas in other groups nephrolithiasis was induced by ethylene glycol. Rats in kidney stone group were sacrificed after 28 days and all remaining groups after 58 days. Treatment groups were treated with 1 and 100 mg/kg of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cactus fruit for 30 days. After treatment, SOD activity was increased and MDA was decreased significantly. CaOx depositions were decreased significantly, especially in ethanolic extract of Cactus fruit in high dose (100 mg/kg).     

Proton Pump for O2 Reduction Catalyzed by 5,10,15,20‐Tetraphenylporphyrinatocobalt(II)

Oxygen reduction : A polarized water|1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) interface acts as a proton pump for the [Co(tpp)] (TPP=5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrinato) catalyzed O₂ reduction by ferrocene (Fc) compounds to produce H₂O₂ (see figure; IT=ion transfer, ET=electron transfer). This system favours the collection of H₂O₂ by extraction immediately after its formation in DCE to the adjacent water phase.

     

Connected autonomous vehicles: State of practice

Connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) have the potential to deal with the steady increase in road traffic while solving transportation related issues such as traffic congestion, pollution, and road safety. Therefore, CAVs are becoming increasingly popular and viewed as the next generation transportation solution. Although modular advancements have been achieved in the development of CAVs, these efforts are not fully integrated to operationalize CAVs in realistic driving scenarios. This paper surveys a wide range of efforts reported in the literature about the CAV developments, summarizes the CAV impacts from a statistical perspective, explores current state of practice in the field of CAVs in terms of autonomy technologies, communication backbone, and computation needs. Furthermore, this paper provides general guidance on how transportation infrastructures need to be prepared in order to effectively operationalize CAVs. The paper also identifies challenges that need to be addressed in near future for effective and reliable adoption of CAVs.