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51.
52.
The observation of slow-wave sustained (SW) discharge in a whistler- or helicon-wave range of frequency is made using high-frequency and very-high-frequency bands of rf. The SW discharge occurs at an extremely low rf power and plasma density, which are lower than a capacitive-coupling discharge region. 相似文献
53.
A regularly preemptive model D,MAP/D
1,D
2/1 is studied. Priority customers have constant inter-arrival times and constant service times. On the other hand, ordinary customers' arrivals follow a Markovian Arrival Process (MAP) with constant service times. Although this model can be formulated by using the piecewise Markov process, there remain some difficult problems on numerical calculations. In order to solve these problems, a novel approximation model MAP/MR/1 with Markov renewal services is proposed. These two queueing processes become different due to the existence of idle periods. Thus, a MAP/MR/1 queue with a general boundary condition is introduced. It is a model with the exceptional first service in each busy period. In particular, two special models are studied: one is a warm-up queue and the other is a cool-down queue. It can be proved that the waiting time of ordinary customers for the regular preemption model is stochastically smaller than the waiting time of the former model. On the other hand, it is stochastically larger than the waiting time of the latter model. 相似文献
54.
Dr. Hiromi Oshita Takashi Suzuki Kyohei Kawashima Prof. Dr. Hitoshi Abe Prof. Dr. Fumito Tani Prof. Dr. Seiji Mori Prof. Dr. Tatsuo Yajima Prof. Dr. Yuichi Shimazaki 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(32):7649-7658
In order to gain new insights into the effect of the π–π stacking interaction of the indole ring with the CuII–phenoxyl radical as seen in the active form of galactose oxidase, we have prepared a CuII complex of a methoxy-substituted salen-type ligand, containing a pendent indole ring on the dinitrogen chelate backbone, and characterized its one-electron-oxidized forms. The X-ray crystal structures of the oxidized CuII complex exhibited the π–π stacking interaction of the indole ring mainly with one of the two phenolate moieties. The phenolate moiety in close contact with the indole moiety showed the characteristic phenoxyl radical structural features, indicating that the indole ring favors the π–π stacking interaction with the phenoxyl radical. The UV/Vis/NIR spectra of the oxidized CuII complex with the pendent indole ring was significantly different from those of the complex without the side-chain indole ring, and the absorption and CD spectra exhibited a solvent dependence, which is in line with the phenoxyl radical–indole stacking interaction in solution. The other physicochemical results and theoretical calculations strongly support that the indole ring, as an electron donor, stabilizes the phenoxyl radical by the π–π stacking interaction. 相似文献
55.
Tatsuo Nakagawa Satoshi Fukura Munenori Nakai Kazumasa Sugiyama Ryohei Kokawa Hiroyuki Kagi 《Optical Review》2006,13(4):269-275
We constructed a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) on a commercially available atomic force microscopy (AFM) apparatus
(SPM-9500J2; Shimadzu Corp.) to measure the stress distribution in ceramic composite materials. Features of our SNOM system
are: (1) a compact SNOM head substituted for the original AFM head; (2) a wide scanning range (125 × 125 μm2) inherited from the original scanner; (3) use of conventional shear-force regulation; (4) an optical system for the illumination-collection
(I-C) mode; (5) excitation by a 488 nm line of an Ar-ion laser, and (6) light detection by photon counting or a polychromator
equipped with an electronically cooled charge coupled device (CCD). This SNOM system was used to measure the surface structure
and stress distribution of an Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic composite. We simultaneously measured topographic images and fluorescence spectra of an Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic composite. We estimated its peak intensity, peak position, and peak width from the fluorescence spectrum during
scanning, which respectively correspond to the abundance of Al2O3, stress in the grain, and the anisotropy of that stress. Mapping images showed that the stress and its anisotropy were weaker
in the center of the Al2O3 grain than its boundary between Al2O3 and ZrO2. That observation suggests that Al2O3 underwent intense anisotropic stress induced by volume expansion in the phase transition of ZrO2 from the cubic phase to the monoclinic phase during preparation. 相似文献
56.
Yoko Hirohara Yoshitaka OKawa Toshifumi Mihashi Tatsuo Yamaguchi Naoki Nakazawa Yasuko Tsuruga Hiroyuki Aoki Naoyuki Maeda Ichiro Uchida Takashi Fujikado 《Optical Review》2007,14(3):151-158
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the feasibility of a newly developed hyperspectral fundus imaging camera with
a liquid crystal tunable filter. The intensities of different wavelengths of light transmitted through an artery, vein, and
the area surrounding these vessels and reflected out were measured, and the differential spectral absorptions were analyzed.
Measurements were made from 16 normal eyes and from two artificial capillaries. The ratios of absorption (ROA) of arteries
to veins from 500 to 580 nm (range 1) and from 600 to 720 nm (range 2) were calculated. For all eyes, the ROArange1 was larger than ROArange2. The ROA obtained from the artificial capillary filled with blood saturated with oxygen or nitrogen was similar to that of
simulated data of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin extinction rate. Most ROAs of human eyes were lower than those of the simulated
data and the artificial capillaries. Oxygen saturation analysis by hyperspectral fundus imaging of retinal vessels were qualitatively
in agreement with thein vitro analysis or simulated values. However, further improvements are necessary to evaluate the oxygen saturation quantitatively
in the retinal blood vessels. 相似文献
57.
Nobuaki Kitazawa Dhebbajaji Yaemponga Masami Aono Yoshihisa Watanabe 《Journal of luminescence》2009,129(9):1036-1041
Thin films of microcrystalline (C8H17NH3)2PbBr4 have been prepared by the two-step growth process as follows: (1) precipitation of nanometer-sized PbBr2 particles on substrates by vapor deposition and then (2) growth of (C8H17NH3)2PbBr4 films by exposing PbBr2 particles to C8H17NH3Br vapor. Atomic force microscope observations reveal that the substrate is fully covered with nanometer-sized rodlike precipitates. X-ray diffraction studies suggest that (C8H17NH3)2PbBr4 films are found to be microcrystalline form, single phase and highly oriented with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. (C8H17NH3)2PbBr4 films show a clear exciton absorption and free-exciton emission even at room temperature. At low temperatures below 40 K, the emission band separates into three bands at 3.07 (A-band), 3.14 (B-band) and 3.20 (C-band) eV, respectively. Both A- and C-bands correspond to the free-exciton emission with large binding energies. On the contrary, time-resolved PL spectra indicate that the B-band is attributed to phosphorescence formed by the intersystem crossing. 相似文献
58.
Takaishi T Sagawa A Nagakura K Maeda T 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2002,111(6):2601-2608
As the maximum speed of high speed trains increases, the effect of aeroacoustic noise on the sound level on the ground becomes increasingly important. In this paper, the distribution of dipole sound sources at the bogie section of high speed trains is predicted numerically. The three-dimensional unsteady flow around a train is solved by the large eddy simulation technique. The time history of vortices shows that unstable shear layer separation at the leading edge of the bogie section sheds vortices periodically. These vortices travel downstream while growing to finally impinge upon the trailing edge of the section. The wavelength of sound produced by these vortices is large compared to the representative length of the bogie section, so that the source region can be regarded as acoustically compact. Thus a compact Green's function adapted to the shape can be used to determine the sound. By coupling the instantaneous flow properties with the compact Green's function, the distribution of dipole sources is obtained. The results reveal a strong dipole source at the trailing edge of the bogie section where the shape changes greatly and the variation of flow with time is also great. On the other hand, the bottom of the bogie section where the shape does not change, or the leading edge and boundary layer where the variation of flow with time is small, cannot generate a strong dipole source. 相似文献
59.
Utilization of a metalloligand, ([Cu(2,4-pydca)2(H2O)].2Et3NH) (1) (2,4-pydca = pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate), as a building unit provides a novel porous coordination polymer, ([ZnCu(2,4-pydca)2(H2O)3(DMF)].DMF)n (2), in which the Zn(II) ion at the node of the network acts as a linker and the Cu(II) ion in the channel wall is available for guest-coordination. 相似文献
60.