Temperature and concentration effects on polar-modified alkyllithium polymerizations and copolymerizations

Addition of polar modifiers to alkyllithium-initiated homopolymerizations of butadiene causes substantial changes in the microstructure of the polymers produced. These changes are shown to depend not only on the concentration of modifier, but also on the polymerization temperature. The combined effects of modifier concentration and reaction temperature have been considered, and a method is presented for quickly determining the proper conditions for preparation of a polybutadiene of any 1,2-microstructure within a range of 10–80%. It is also shown that in anionic polar-modified copolymerizations of butadiene–styrene, the reaction temperature is again critical. Within a certain concentration range of modifier, the temperature will influence the rate of styrene incorporation or the randomness of styrene units in the resulting copolymers.     

Specific N-terminal protein labelling: use of FMDV 3C pro protease and native chemical ligation

We report an effective strategy for generating N-terminal cysteinyl proteins by proteolytic cleavage using the enzyme 3C pro, suitable for a wide range of applications via native chemical ligation.     

Spectral and temporal optical signal generation using randomly distributed quantum dots

Optical Review - Quantum dots (QDs) have a great potential for realizing information processing because of their signal-modulation capability based on energy transfer. We present a method for...