Infrared behaviour of Yang-Mills theory at high temperatures

We employ Monte Carlo methods to probe the infrared structure of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at high temperatures. In particular, we study the free energy of the gauge invariant non-abelian magnetic flux. The Monte Carlo support the conjecture that the magnetic flux is screened. The inverse magnetic screening length provides a non-perturbative infrared cut-off for the quantum statistics of the SU(2) gauge theory and is estimated to be about 0.24 g²T.     

Induced-gravity GUT-scale Higgs inflation in supergravity

Models of induced-gravity inflation are formulated within Supergravity employing as inflaton the Higgs field which leads to a spontaneous breaking of a \(U(1)_{B-L}\) symmetry at \(M_\mathrm{GUT}=2\cdot 10^{16}~{\mathrm{GeV}}\). We use a renormalizable superpotential, fixed by a U(1) R symmetry, and Kähler potentials which exhibit a quadratic non-minimal coupling to gravity with or without an independent kinetic mixing in the inflaton sector. In both cases we find inflationary solutions of Starobinsky type whereas in the latter case, others (more marginal) which resemble those of linear inflation arise too. In all cases the inflaton mass is predicted to be of the order of \(10^{13}~{\mathrm{GeV}}\). Extending the superpotential of the model with suitable terms, we show how the MSSM \(\mu \) parameter can be generated. Also, non-thermal leptogenesis can be successfully realized, provided that the gravitino is heavier than about \(10~{\mathrm{TeV}}\).     

Investigation of the Addition of Benzenethiol to p-Chlorophenylphenylacetylene

The addition of benzenethiol to p-chlorophenylphenylacetylene results in the formation of a mixture of two pairs of diastereomeric (E)- and (Z)-1-p-chlorophenyl-2-phenyl-1-phenylthioethylenes (1 and 2) and (E)- and (Z)-1-p-chlorophenyl-2-phenyl-2-phenylthioethylenes (3 and 4). The configurations of these compounds have been established by ¹ H NMR studies, by their preparation from benzyl p-chlorophenyl ketone and p-chloro-benzylphenyl ketone, and by the oxidation of the thioethylenes 1, 2, 3, and 4 to the corresponding sulphonylethylenes 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively.     

Modulation of aggregation behavior of amphiphilic drug AMT under the influence of polymer molecular weight and composition

The purpose of this study was to determine the aggregation behavior of amphiphilic drug amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) and to search for means which boost/suppress the aggregation behavior. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) nonionic polymers (which are used as pharmaceutical excipients) of varying molecular weights from 400 to 35,000 were tested. To know their effect on the micellization and interfacial behavior of the drug, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and critical aggregation concentration (CAC) were determined in presence of various polymers by tensiometric and conductivity methods. The CAC values were found to decrease while the CMC values increased with increase in the polymer concentration. The thermodynamic parameters were evaluated where ΔG°(mic) and ΔG°(agg) are found to be negative, confirming the feasibility of interaction between AMT and polymers.     

Efficient one-pot selective reduction of esters in β-ketoesters using LiHMDS and lithium aluminium hydride

The ester functionality in β-keto esters is selectively reduced in one-pot, first by enolization using LiHMDS and then reduced with lithium aluminium hydride. This method produces β-hydroxyl ketones from the corresponding β-keto esters in high yield.