Pressure dependence of the compressibility of alkali halides

The parameterC ₁=[(1/K _T )/P] _T , which describes the pressure variation of the compressibility, has been examined correlating the thermodynamical and interatomic potential approaches employing fewer approximations than has been usual heretofore. General expressions have been derived forC ₁ by including the thermal correction terms, which have generally been ignored in previous studies concerning thermal properties of ionic crystals. The parameterC ₁ has also been related to the Grüneisen parameter, , using a relation given earlier. The applicability of the derived equations is investigated and discussed for alkali halides employing few realistic potential forms. A good general accord is found with the available experimental data, which exhibits an essential improvement over other theoretical determinations.     

Temperature profiles in a two-component heterogeneous system heated with a cw laser

A formalism has been developed to calculate the steady-state temperature profiles induced by a cw laser in a composite system comprising a thick medium covered with a film of another medium. The analysis is carried out assuming that thermal and optical properties of the media are temperature-independent. A concept of the effective thermal conductivity for the system is introduced in terms of the maximum temperature rise. Temperature-distributions are numerically computed in typical cases for a circular Gaussian beam to illustrate dependence on film thickness, thermal conductivities and absorption coefficients of the media and size of the laser beam.     

Mechanisms of edge-localized-mode mitigation by external-magnetic-field perturbations

Particle and energy transport in the tokamak edge transport barrier is analyzed in the presence of magnetic field perturbations from external resonant coils. In recent experiments such coils have been verified as an effective tool for mitigation of the edge-localized modes of type I. The observed reduction of the density in plasmas of low collisionality is explained by the generation of charged particle flows along perturbed field lines. The increase of the electron and ion temperatures in the barrier is interpreted by the reduction of perpendicular neoclassical transport with decreasing density and nonlocality of parallel heat transport. The found modification of the pressure gradient implies the stabilization of ballooning-peeling MHD modes responsible for type I ELMs.     

Kinetic energy oscillations in annular regions of ultracold neutral plasmas

A study of ion equilibration in annular regions of ultracold strontium plasmas is reported. Plasmas are formed by photoionizing laser-cooled atoms with a pulsed dye laser. The experimental probe is spatially-resolved absorption spectroscopy using the ²S_1/2-²P_1/2 transition of the Sr⁺ ion. The kinetic energy of the ions is calculated from the Doppler broadening of the spectrum, and it displays clear oscillations during the first microsecond after plasma formation. The oscillations, which are a characteristic of strong coulomb coupling, are fit with a simple phenomenological model incorporating damping and density variation in the plasma.     

Simultaneous measurement of absolute OH concentration,temperature and flow velocity in a flame by photothermal deflection spectroscopy

We demonstrate the use of photothermal deflection spectroscopy for a simultaneous measurement of absolute minority-species concentration, temperature and flow velocity in a flame from the analysis of a single data trace. The ability to make absolute concentration measurements, as well as the ability to measure three important combustion parameters simultaneously, may make this technique quite useful in many circumstances. Received: 27 August 2002 / Revised version: 26 September 2002 / Published online: 11 December 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +1-479/575-4580, E-mail: rgupta@uark.edu     

Operational characteristics of dual gain single cavity Nd:YVO4 laser

Operational characteristics of a dual gain single cavity Nd:YVO₄ laser have been investigated. With semiconductor diode laser pump power of 2 W, 800 mW output was obtained with a slope efficiency of 49%. Further, by changing the relative orientation of the two crystals the polarization characteristics of the output could be varied. In particular by keeping the two Nd:YVO₄ crystals with their c-axes orthogonal to each other and adjusting the gain of the crystals so that both operate at approximately the same power level, completely unpolarized beams could be obtained.     

EPR and optical spectra of cupric ions doped in powder strontium maleate tetrahydrate and magnesium Bis (hydrogen maleate) hexahydrate

Abstract

EPR spectra of Cu²⁺ ions doped in a strontium maleate tetrahydrate and magnesium bis (hydrogen maleate) hexahydrate have been studied in X-band at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters have been calculated. Molecular orbital coefficients are obtained by correlating optical absorption data with EPR results.     

Painlev Analysis,Lie Symmetries and Exact Solutions for Variable Coefficients Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burger (BBMB) Equation

In this paper,a variable-coefficient Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burger (BBMB) equation arising as a mathematical model of propagation of small-amplitude long waves in nonlinear dispersive media is investigated.The integrability of such an equation is studied with Painlev analysis.The Lie symmetry method is performed for the BBMB equation and then similarity reductions and exact solutions are obtained based on the optimal system method.Furthermore different types of solitary,periodic and kink waves can be seen with the change of variable coefficients.