Validated HPLC determination of the two fixed dose combinations (chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and mebeverine hydrochloride; carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide) in their tablets

Simple, rapid, and selective RP-HPLC methods with UV detection were developed for simultaneous determination of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and mebeverine hydrochloride (Mixture I) and carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide (Mixture II). The chromatographic separation in both mixtures was achieved by using an RP-C8 (octylsilyl) analytical column. For Mixture I, a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.05 M disodium hydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (50 + 50 + 0.2, v/v/v), pH 2.5, was used; the detector wavelength was 247 nm. For Mixture II, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05 M disodium hydrogen phosphate (50 + 50, v/v), pH 4.0, and the detector was set at 220 nm. Quantification of the analytes was based on measuring their peak areas. Both mixtures were resolved in less than 6 min. The reliability and analytical performance of the proposed HPLC procedures were statistically validated with respect to linearity, range, precision, accuracy, selectivity, robustness, LOD, and LOQ. The linear dynamic ranges were 2.5-150 and 2.5-500 microg/mL for chlordiazepoxide HCI and mebeverine HCI, respectively, and 0.25-200 and 0.25-150 microg/mL for carvedilol and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The validated HPLC methods were successfully applied to the analysis of their commercial tablet dosage forms, for which no interfering peaks were encountered from common pharmaceutical adjuvants.     

Free Mutual Information for Two Projections

The present paper provides a proof of \(i^*(\mathbb {C}P+\mathbb {C}(I-P); \mathbb {C}Q+\mathbb {C}(I-Q))=-\chi _{{ orb}}(P,Q)\) for two projections P, Q without any extra assumptions. An analytic approach is adopted to the proof, based on a subordination result for the liberation process of symmetries associated with P, Q.     

Photophysical and Complexation Behavior of (4-Dimethylamino-benzylidene)-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-amine

The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of (4‐dimethylamino‐benzylidene)‐(4,6‐dimethyl‐pyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐amine (SB) have been investigated in different solvents. Both the absorption and emission spectra of SB exhibit red shifts as the solvent polarity increases. This indicats a change in dipole moment of molecules upon excitation as a result of intramolecular charge transfer interaction. The fluorescence quantum yield depends strongly on the properties of the solvents, which was discussed on the bases of positive and negative solvatokinetic effects. The effect of some divalent transition metal ions such as Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Hg²⁺on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of SB is also investigated. The results were consistent with formation of highly colored metal‐ SB complex which is responsible for the extreme quenching of the fluorescence of SB. The variations of both the formation constant of the complex and Stern‐Volmer constant were correlated with the electronic structure of the used metal ion.     

Weakly representable atom structures that are not strongly representable,with an application to first order logic

Letn > 2. A weakly representable relation algebra that is not strongly representable is constructed. It is proved that the set of all n by n basic matrices forms a cylindric basis that is also a weakly but not a strongly representable atom structure. This gives an example of a binary generated atomic representable cylindric algebra with no complete representation. An application to first order logic is given. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Some results about neat reducts

This is a survey article on the concept of neat reducts. An old venerable idea in algebraic logic, in this paper we show why it is regaining momentum.     

High‐molecular‐weight AB‐type benzoxazines as new precursors for high‐performance thermosets

Novel high‐molecular‐weight polybenzoxazine precursors, namely AB‐type benzoxazine precursors, were synthesized from aminophenols and formaldehyde. Both ¹H NMR and IR confirmed the structure of the precursors, indicating the presence of a cyclic benzoxazine structure in the backbone of the precursors. The weight‐average molecular weight was estimated by size exclusion chromatography to be to in the range of 1300–4500. The precursors gave self‐standing thin films when their solutions were cast in dioxane over glass plates and dried, and upon a gradual thermal cure up to 250 °C, they afforded polybenzoxazine films. The viscoelastic analyses showed that the glass transition temperatures of the polybenzoxazine films obtained from these novel precursors were as high as 260–300 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the onset of decomposition and the char yield of the thermosets derived from these AB‐type precursors were higher than those of traditional polybenzoxazine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1878–1888, 2007.     

An Efficient Synthesis of O-Methyl Protected Emodin Aldehyde and Emodin Nitrile

An efficient synthesis of tri-O-methylemodin aldehyde was achieved via bromination of tri-O-methylemodin utilizing N-bromosuccinimide yielding the monobromo and dibromo derivatives. Sommelet reaction of the monobromomethyl derivative as well as hydrolysis of the dibromomethyl analog with aqueous silver nitrate afforded the protected aldehyde in good yield. Accordingly, both bromo derivatives can be used even when they are obtained as a mixture of the bromination reaction, which could not be controlled easily to yield the bromo products selectively. From the aldehyde the tri-O-methylemodin nitrile was prepared in a one-pot reaction using hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid.     

Use of thiazoles in the halogen dance reaction: application to the total synthesis of WS75624 B

The total synthesis of the pyridine-thiazole-containing natural product WS75624 B (1) is described. This synthesis proceeds via the Stille coupling of appropriately functionalized pyridine and thiazole components, and this paper details our studies on the use of the halogen dance reaction to prepare the desired thiazole. Various halogen dance reactions on thizoles are described, including a novel one-pot multistep reaction in which 2-bromothiazole is treated with LDA in the presence of a silyl chloride at -78 degrees C and quenched with an electrophile to provide the highly functionalized thiazole derivatives 27.     

Synthesis and Properties of Mononuclear and Homobinuclear Chelates of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with Phthalein Purple

Summary. Mono- and homobinuclear complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with phthalein purple are prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, thermal studies (TGA and DTA), spectral methods (IR, UV/Vis, and ESR), magnetic moment determination, and electrochemical reduction (DC polarography at DME and CV at HMDE). Thermal degradation of the complexes was studied by TGA and DTA where some thermodynamic parameters were determined. The mode of bonding and geometry of the complexes were determined from the spectral studies. Magnetic moment values showed some antiferromagnetism in the homobinuclear complexes. The reduction of the metal ions proceeds to the metallic state along an irreversible process.     

On Condensation Reactions of Aceanthrene Quinone: Novel Heterocycles

Summary.  It was found that aceanthrene quinone can be condensed with ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminobenzene, 4-nitro-1,2-diaminobenzene, 1,2-diaminoanthrene quinone, and 4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine derivatives to give aceanthryleno[1,2-b]pyrazine and aceanthryleno[1,2-g]pteridine derivatives. Condensation of aceanthrene quinone with 2-aminoguanidine, semicarbazide, and thiosemicarbazide yielded aceanthryleno[1,2-e]triazines, condensation with 6-hydrazinopyrimidine derivatives gave 3,4-aceanthrylenopyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazines. Reaction of aceanthrene quinone with 2-cyanoethanoic acid hydrazide afforded 10,11-dihydro-10-oxo-aceanthryleno[1,2-c]pyridazine-9-carbonitrile. Treatment of aceanthrene quinone with malononitrile and hydrazine hydrate resulted in 10-aminoaceanthryleno[1,2-c]pyridazine-9-carbonitrile. The antibacterial effects of the prepared compounds were tested. Three of the compounds were tested against 60 cancer types. Received May 6, 2001. Accepted June 5, 2001