Inhibition of testicular and Vipera russelli snake venom hyaluronidase activity by Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze stem bark

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-fertility and anti-venom activities of the extract of the stem bark of Butea monosperma by inhibiting hyaluronidase, which is a spreading factor and plays a role in fertilisation. Among ethanol, methanol and water extracts, the ethanol extract dose-dependently inhibited the ovine, mouse testicular and Vipera russelli snake venom hyaluronidase enzyme activities, with IC?? values 12.00?±?0.45, 49.40?±?1.58?μg and 125.42?±?2.82?μg?mL?1, respectively. In a zymogram assay, the extract showed differential inhibition towards hyaluronidase isoform preferentially with low-molecular weight isoforms. The V. russelli snake venom-induced hemorrhage was significantly reduced at 1:05 ratio of venom-to-extract in mouse. The high antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract strongly correlated with the hyaluronidase inhibition. The above results justify the traditional use of the stem bark of B. monosperma as a contraceptive and a strong antidote to snake venom.     

Simultaneous Determination of Prazosin,Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin and Simvastatin in API,Dosage Formulations and Human Serum by RP‐HPLC

Prazosin hydrochloride is the first developed selective antagonist for α₁ — adrenoceptors, which is used as antihypertensive agent. Statins are used in the treatment of various types of hypercholesterolemia. In the present paper a simple, specific an accurate RP‐HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of prazosin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin in active and in dosage formulations. A nucleosil 100‐10, C‐18, 10μ column having 250 × 4.6 mm i.d. in isocratic mode, with mobile phase containing methanol:water:acetonitrile (70:20:10) adjusted to pH 2.5 ± 0.02 using orthophosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1 mLmin^?1 and effluents were monitored at 240 nm. The % recovery for all the drugs in formulations was found to be 94‐105%. The parameters such as accuracy (%RSD less than 2), precision (%RSD less than 2), linearity (>0.999) were found to be satisfactory. The presented method was applied without any interference of excepients for the determination of tablets. The proposed method due to its low LOQ, excellent accuracy, precision and selectivity could be used for routine quality control.     

Ion transport properties of NaPF6- and NaCl-doped poly(N-phenylene N′imino pentyl)imminium propane sulfonate

New polymer-salt systems have been prepared by doping synthesized poly(N-phenylene N′imino pentyl) imminium propane sulfonate with NaPF₆ and NaCl. The higher conductivity of the NaPF₆-doped system in comparison to the NaCl-containing sample indicated that a larger-sized anion is facilitating ion conduction. FTIR spectra confirmed the complexation of salt with polymer. The conductivity power law exponent, studied in the frequency range from 42 Hz to 5 MHz, varies with frequency and has values >1, demonstrating dominance of caged ion movement. The dominance of caged motion is more pronounced in the NaCl-doped sample, signifying that a smaller anion has greater chances of being caged. Anion size signature is also visible in temperature and humidity dependence of exponent n.     

Local Approximation Properties of Modified Baskakov Operators

In this paper, we introduce a general modification of the classical Baskakov operators which do not need to preserve the test function x ². Then, we study an approximation theorem, a Voronovskaya theorem, and various local approximation results for our modified Baskakov operators.     

Synthesis of Tetradentate Schiff Base Derivatives of Transition Bimetallic Complexes as Antimicrobial Agents

A series of Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) bimetallic complexes have been synthesized with the schiff base ligand 2‐(bis‐2‐hydroxyl phenylidene) diimine (L) derived from the condensation of hydrazine and salicylaldehyde. The synthesized ligand and bimetallic complexes were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The characterization of ligand was carried out by FT‐IR, H¹NMR, C¹³NMR and MS while the bimetallic complexes were characterized by FT‐IR and X‐ray crystallographic techniques. The complexes and ligand were employed in vitro for antifungal and antibacterial activities using disc diffusion method. Different fungal strains such as Alternaria Alternate, Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Niger were used to check antifungal activities of bimetallic complexes and ligand. Similarly, the bacterial strains used were Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Subbtilis and Escheria Coli. The biological studies showed that the ligand exhibited lower value of antifungal and antibacterial activities than bimetallic complexes.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Photoluminescence Study of Novel Sulfobetaine Polyelectrolytes

A novel sulfobetaine copolymer is developed via polycondensation approach. The comonomers, melamine, condenses with a diketone, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexane (dimedone) to produce polyimine chain based on Schiff base chemistry. Dimedone-[N,N' melaminium] propane sulfonate copolymer crystals were obtained on treatment of the polyimine with sulfopropylating agent, 1,3-propane sultone with a crosslinker, di(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (DEGDA). This crosslinked sulfobetaine polymer yielded fine needle like single crystals and shows strong blue fluorescence and a week green phosphorescence. Multi-exponential fluorescence decay function indicates the presence of different conformers both in solution and crystalline phase. This easy straightforward protocol for synthesis of crystalline, soluble, and luminescent polymer could prove to be a landmark in development of next generation smart functional materials.     

Evidence of short-range screening in shock-compressed aluminum plasma

We have investigated the angular variation in elastic x-ray scattering from a dense, laser-shock-compressed aluminum foil. A comparison of the experiment with simulations using an embedded atom potential in a molecular dynamics simulation shows a significantly better agreement than simulations based on an unscreened one-component plasma model. These data illustrate, experimentally, the importance of screening for the dense plasma static structure factor.     

From Weakly Chaotic Dynamics to Deterministic Subdiffusion via Copula Modeling

Copula modeling consists in finding a probabilistic distribution, called copula, whereby its coupling with the marginal distributions of a set of random variables produces their joint distribution. The present work aims to use this technique to connect the statistical distributions of weakly chaotic dynamics and deterministic subdiffusion. More precisely, we decompose the jumps distribution of Geisel–Thomae map into a bivariate one and determine the marginal and copula distributions respectively by infinite ergodic theory and statistical inference techniques. We verify therefore that the characteristic tail distribution of subdiffusion is an extreme value copula coupling Mittag–Leffler distributions. We also present a method to calculate the exact copula and joint distributions in the case where weakly chaotic dynamics and deterministic subdiffusion statistical distributions are already known. Numerical simulations and consistency with the dynamical aspects of the map support our results.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Schiff-Based Fluorescent Chemosensors for the Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cu<Superscript>2+</Superscript> in Aqueous Media with Fluorescence Off-On Responses

Copper being an essential nutrient; also pose a risk for human health in excessive amount. A simple and convenient method for the detection of trace amount of copper was employed using an optical probe R1 based on Schiff base. The probe was synthesized by Schiff base condensation of benzyl amine and 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde and characterized by single X-ray diffraction, ¹H NMR and FTIR. By screening its fluorescence response in a mixture of DMSO and H₂O (20:80, v/v) R1 displayed a pronounced enhancement in fluorescence only upon treatment with copper. Other examined metal ions such as alkali, alkaline and transition had no influence. Within a wide pH range 5–12 R1 could selectively detect copper by interrupting ICT mechanism that results in CHEF. From Job’s plot analysis a 2:1 binding stoichiometry was revealed. The fluorescence response was linear in the range 1–10?×?10^?9 M with detection limit 30?×?10^?9 M. Association constant was determined as 1?×?10¹¹ M^?2 by Benesi-Hilderbrand plot. As a fast responsive probe it possesses good reproducibility and was employed for detection of copper in different water samples.