Accelerated kinetics of alkaline hydrogen evolution/oxidation reactions on dispersed ruthenium sites through N and S dual coordination

Efficient,robust and cost-effective electrocatalysts that catalyze hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction(HER/HOR)in alkaline media are highly demanded.Recently,single-atom catalysts(SACs)have emerged as new promising candidates;however,the rational design of supports and the optimization of coordination environment between supports and metal atoms are challenging.In this work,we successfully fabricate atomically dispersed ruthenium(Ru)species,which are strongly coordinated by N and S dual heteroatoms on holey graphene(RuSA/NSG),as an excellent bifunctional catalyst for HER/HOR.In alkaline media,the developed catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance with a low overpotential of 57.3 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^-1 for HER,and its mass activity is about 5.8 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C and Ru/C catalysts at an overpotential of 100 mV.Similarly,considerable HOR performance of Ru SA/NSG is verified to be superior to Pt/C and Ru/C.Furthermore,X-ray-based spectroscopy measurements and density-functional theory calculations have confirmed that,compared with Ru–N₄,the tailored Ru–N₄–S₂ with nearby S dopants can act as more active centers to greatly accelerate the sluggish HER/HOR kinetics in alkaline media.The present work provides a new atomic-level engineering strategy to modulate catalytic activities of SACs via the coordination design using dual heteroatoms on the carbon support.     

Piper betle (L): Recent Review of Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties,Safety Profiles,and Commercial Applications

Piper betle (L) is a popular medicinal plant in Asia. Plant leaves have been used as a traditional medicine to treat various health conditions. It is highly abundant and inexpensive, therefore promoting further research and industrialization development, including in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Articles published from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed in detail to show recent updates on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of betel leaves. This current review showed that betel leaves extract, essential oil, preparations, and isolates could inhibit microbial growth and kill various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungal species, including those that are multidrug-resistant and cause serious infectious diseases. P. betle leaves displayed high efficiency on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The ratio of MBC/MIC indicated bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of P. betle leaves, while MFC/MIC values showed fungicidal and fungistatic effects. This review also provides a list of phytochemical compounds in betel leaves extracts and essential oils, safety profiles, and value-added products of betel leaves. Some studies also showed that the combination of betel leaves extract and essential oil with antibiotics (streptomycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin) could provide potentiating antibacterial properties. Moreover, this review delivers a scientific resume for researchers in respected areas and manufacturers who want to develop betel leaves-based products.     

On the correlation of the local OVII and OVI absorption lines in the spectra of active galactic nuclei

正Dear Editors,Active Galactic Nuclei(AGNs)are very effective tools to study the environment both intrinsic to the central black holes of galaxies[1],or absorbing gas distributed along the sight lines.Recently,numerous highly ionized,local(z=0)metal absorption lines were detected in the X-ray spectra of background AGNs[2],providing an important method in probing hot gas and its content in and around our Galaxy.Of particular     

CdTe/CdO nH2O核壳纳米复合粒子的水相合成及光学特性.

"研究了CdTe/CdO?nH2O核壳纳米复合物的水相合成及其光学特性． 以巯基乙酸为稳定剂通过氯化镉和碲氢化钠反应制备了碲化镉纳米晶． 在反应过程中, 反应前驱溶液中镉离子与碲离子的摩尔浓度比对最终制备的碲化镉纳米晶的荧光强度起到了极其重要的作用． 在pH值为8.2, 镉离子与碲离子摩尔浓度比为4.0的情况下,制备出了具有最强荧光强度的碲化镉量子点．之后,CdTe/CdO?nH2O核壳纳米复合物在水相中制备出来．在适当的氢氧化镉沉积在碲化镉纳米粒子表面后,碲化镉量子点的荧光大大增强．所制备的CdTe/C     

Secondary-flow-aided single-train elastic-inertial focusing in low elasticity viscoelastic fluids

Elastic-inertial focusing has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the three-dimensional (3D) single-train focusing ability it offers. However, multi-train focusing, instead of single-train focusing, was observed in viscoelastic fluids with low elasticity as a result of the competition between inertia effect and viscoelasticity effect. To address this issue, we employed the secondary flow to facilitate single-train elastic-inertial focusing in low elasticity viscoelastic fluids. A three-section contraction-expansion channel was designed to induce the secondary flow to pinch the multiplex focusing trains into a single one exactly at the channel centerline. After demonstrating the focusing process and mechanism in our device, we systematically explored and discussed the effects of particle diameter, operational flow rate, polymer concentration, and channel dimension on particle focusing performances. Our device enables single-train focusing of particles in viscoelastic fluids with low elasticity, and offers advantages of planar single-layer structure, and sheathless, external-field free operation.     

A copper-based coordination polymer formed through synergistic bridging of 1,2,4-triazole and acetate anions: synthesis,crystal structure and magnetic properties

Transition Metal Chemistry - A Cu(II) coordination polymer, [Cu2(pztrz)2(μ-CH3COO)(CH3COO)]·3H2O (1), derived from mono-substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivative 3-(pyrazinyl)-1,2,4-triazole...     

金属氧化物催化剂上合成气转化中羧酸盐物种促进芳烃的生成

芳烃是重要的化工原料,目前主要通过石油催化裂化和催化重整制得.随着石油资源的消耗以及芳烃的需求日益增长,开发非石油路线制备芳烃势在必行.因此,从煤、天然气和生物质出发,经合成气一步制芳烃(STA)广受关注.将合成气制甲醇的金属催化剂和甲醇制芳烃的分子筛催化剂复合,可以制备双功能催化剂,用于合成气反应可高选择性得到芳烃.然而,关于此过程中芳烃的生成机理仍有争论.目前人们认为,生成芳烃的中间体主要分甲醇和其他含氧物种(乙烯酮,醛类)两种.本文以ZnCrAlOx和H-ZSM-5为模型催化剂,进行合成气制芳烃、甲醇制芳烃和丙烯制芳烃反应,确定了传统的甲醇制芳烃路径不是合成气制芳烃中的主要途径,并通过原位傅里叶变换红外光谱和气相色质谱解释了STA反应中两种活性组分距离越近,芳烃选择性越高的原因,从而提出了在合成气制芳烃过程中芳烃的生成机理.通过比较双功能催化剂上合成气、甲醇以及丙烯的反应性能发现,在甲醇和丙烯转化时,其芳烃选择性远小于合成气转化时的,由此可认为,在合成气制芳烃的路径主要不经由传统的甲醇制芳烃,而是通过烯烃聚合脱氢生成芳烃.红外表征和共进料实验表明,合成气可以在金属催化剂表面生成甲酸盐物种,它可与烯烃反应生成羧酸盐物种,再迁移到分子筛上反应生成芳烃,且羧酸盐物种在分子筛上的芳构化能力要高于丙烯;即使在氢气氛围下,当丙烯的芳构化能力受到氢气极大抑制时,羧酸盐物种仍能高选择性生成芳烃.本文制备了一系列金属催化剂和分子筛物理接近距离不同的双功能催化剂,研究了合成气在双功能催化剂上制芳烃时,金属催化剂和分子筛二者组分的距离对芳烃选择性的影响.随着二者接近距离的增加,芳烃选择性急剧增加;通过GC-MS分析合成气转化时的停留物种,发现随着二者接近距离的增加,羧酸盐物种和甲基环戊烯酮的量明显增加,因此,羧酸盐物种和甲基环戊烯酮物种在生成芳烃中起到了重要的作用.综上所述,我们提出了STA中一条新的芳烃生成路径,并证明了羧酸盐物种是其中重要的中间物种.它经由金属表面的甲酸盐物种和烯烃反应生成,随后迁移到分子筛上生成甲基环戊烯酮物种,再脱水生成芳烃.     

Improving the sensitivity of cellulose fiber-based lateral flow assay by incorporating a water-dissolvable polyvinyl alcohol dam

Cellulose - Lateral flow assay (LFA) is an important point-of-care (POC) test platform due to the associated portability, on-site testing, and low cost for diagnosis of pathogen infections and...     

Polyaniline encapsulated silicon nanocomposite as high-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Polyaniline encapsulated silicon (Si/PANI) nanocomposite as anode materials for high-capacity lithium ion batteries has been prepared by an in situ chemical polymerization of aniline monomer in the suspension of Si nanoparticles. The obtained Si/PANI nanocomposite demonstrates a reversible specific capacity of 840 mAh g^?1 after 100 cycles at a rate of 100 mA g^?1 and excellent cycling stability. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be due to that the polyaniline (PANI) matrix offers a continuous electrically conductive network as well as enhances the compatibility of electrode materials and electrolyte as a result of suppressing volume stress of Si during cycles and preventing the agglomeration of Si nanoparticles.