首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   97059篇
  免费   18236篇
  国内免费   10884篇
化学   67016篇
晶体学   1100篇
力学   6287篇
综合类   651篇
数学   11312篇
物理学   39813篇
  2024年   249篇
  2023年   2143篇
  2022年   2526篇
  2021年   3385篇
  2020年   4264篇
  2019年   3867篇
  2018年   3449篇
  2017年   3110篇
  2016年   4906篇
  2015年   4639篇
  2014年   5692篇
  2013年   7310篇
  2012年   9025篇
  2011年   9378篇
  2010年   6283篇
  2009年   6123篇
  2008年   6564篇
  2007年   5723篇
  2006年   5343篇
  2005年   4305篇
  2004年   3327篇
  2003年   2594篇
  2002年   2421篇
  2001年   2078篇
  2000年   1824篇
  1999年   2019篇
  1998年   1706篇
  1997年   1672篇
  1996年   1667篇
  1995年   1391篇
  1994年   1232篇
  1993年   1049篇
  1992年   922篇
  1991年   830篇
  1990年   691篇
  1989年   534篇
  1988年   398篇
  1987年   324篇
  1986年   343篇
  1985年   285篇
  1984年   171篇
  1983年   132篇
  1982年   111篇
  1981年   65篇
  1980年   43篇
  1979年   12篇
  1974年   5篇
  1972年   2篇
  1966年   2篇
  1957年   32篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
低维硅锗材料是制备纳米电子器件的重要候选材料,是研发高效率、低能耗和超高速新一代纳米电子器件的基础材料之一,有着潜在的应用价值。采用密度泛函紧束缚方法分别对厚度相同、宽度在0.272 nm~0.554 nm之间的硅纳米线和宽度在0.283 nm~0.567 nm之间的锗纳米线的原子排布和电荷分布进行了计算研究。硅、锗纳米线宽度的改变使原子排布,纳米线的原子间键长和键角发生明显改变。纳米线表层结构的改变对各层内的电荷分布产生重要影响。纳米线中各原子的电荷转移量与该原子在表层内的位置相关。纳米线的尺寸和表层内原子排列结构对体系的稳定性产生重要影响。  相似文献   
32.
Du  Zhong  Xu  Tao  Ren  Shuai 《Nonlinear dynamics》2021,104(1):683-689
Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, we investigate the interactions of the vector breathers for the coupled Hirota system with $$4\times 4$$ Lax pair. Firstly, we give the first-order breather...  相似文献   
33.

We study the Bell nonlocality of high dimensional quantum systems based on quantum entanglement. A quantitative relationship between the maximal expectation value B of Bell operators and the quantum entanglement concurrence C is obtained for even dimension pure states, with the upper and lower bounds of B governed by C.

  相似文献   
34.
Herein, we successfully construct the 3D biocompatible graphene through crosslinking 2D graphene nanosheet onto carbon fiber paper with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as anode of the alcohol biofuel cell. Compared with the bioanode without 3D graphene, the current density and output power of PDDA-graphene-ADH bioanode is increased by 23 % and 41 % at a high concentration of ethanol at pH 8.9, suggesting the stabilization role of graphene in enzyme loading. The study provides us a deep analysis on structures and performances of the bioanode incl. electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and atomic force microscopy images, which is significant to develop the new methods to construct 3D porous electrodes in energy conversion device.  相似文献   
35.
Cao  Xiangyang  Zhang  Chenghui  Zhao  Daduan  Li  Yan 《Nonlinear dynamics》2022,107(4):3557-3572
Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper investigates the guaranteed cost positive consensus for linear multi-agent systems (MASs) with multiple time-varying delays and switching topologies. First,...  相似文献   
36.
In this article, we construct and analyze a residual-based a posteriori error estimator for a quadratic finite volume method (FVM) for solving nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We shall prove that the a posteriori error estimator yields the global upper and local lower bounds for the norm error of the FVM. So that the a posteriori error estimator is equivalent to the true error in a certain sense. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the theoretical results.  相似文献   
37.
Given their superior penetration depths, photosensitizers with longer absorption wavelengths present broader application prospects in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, Ag2S quantum dots were discovered, for the first time, to be capable of killing tumor cells through the photodynamic route by near-infrared light irradiation, which means relatively less excitation of the probe compared with traditional photosensitizers absorbing short wavelengths. On modification with polydopamine (PDA), PDA-Ag2S was obtained, which showed outstanding capacity for inducing reactive oxygen species (increased by 1.69 times). With the addition of PDA, Ag2S had more opportunities to react with surrounding O2, which was demonstrated by typical triplet electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis. Furthermore, the PDT effects of Ag2S and PDA-Ag2S achieved at longer wavelengths were almost identical to the effects produced at 660 nm, which was proved by studies in vitro. PDA-Ag2S showed distinctly better therapeutic effects than Ag2S in experiments in vivo, which further validated the enhanced regulatory effect of PDA. Altogether, a new photosensitizer with longer absorption wavelength was developed by using the hitherto-unexplored photodynamic function of Ag2S quantum dots, which extended and enhanced the regulatory effect originating from PDA.  相似文献   
38.
For an integer s0, a graph G is s-hamiltonian if for any vertex subset S?V(G) with |S|s, G?S is hamiltonian, and G is s-hamiltonian connected if for any vertex subset S?V(G) with |S|s, G?S is hamiltonian connected. Thomassen in 1984 conjectured that every 4-connected line graph is hamiltonian (see Thomassen, 1986), and Ku?zel and Xiong in 2004 conjectured that every 4-connected line graph is hamiltonian connected (see Ryjá?ek and Vrána, 2011). In Broersma and Veldman (1987), Broersma and Veldman raised the characterization problem of s-hamiltonian line graphs. In Lai and Shao (2013), it is conjectured that for s2, a line graph L(G) is s-hamiltonian if and only if L(G) is (s+2)-connected. In this paper we prove the following.(i) For an integer s2, the line graph L(G) of a claw-free graph G is s-hamiltonian if and only if L(G) is (s+2)-connected.(ii) The line graph L(G) of a claw-free graph G is 1-hamiltonian connected if and only if L(G) is 4-connected.  相似文献   
39.
A unique nickel/organic photoredox co-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-coupling between α-chloro esters and aryl iodides is developed. This cross-electrophile coupling reaction employs an organic reductant (Hantzsch ester), whereas most reductive cross-coupling reactions use stoichiometric metals. A diverse array of valuable α-aryl esters is formed under these conditions with high enantioselectivities (up to 94 %) and good yields (up to 88 %). α-Aryl esters represent an important family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This novel synergistic strategy expands the scope of Ni-catalyzed reductive asymmetric cross-coupling reactions.  相似文献   
40.
Understanding the thermal aggregation behavior of metal atoms is important for the synthesis of supported metal clusters. Here, derived from a metal–organic framework encapsulating a trinuclear FeIII2FeII complex (denoted as Fe3) within the channels, a well-defined nitrogen-doped carbon layer is fabricated as an ideal support for stabilizing the generated iron nanoclusters. Atomic replacement of FeII by other metal(II) ions (e.g., ZnII/CoII) via synthesizing isostructural trinuclear-complex precursors (Fe2Zn/Fe2Co), namely the “heteroatom modulator approach”, is inhibiting the aggregation of Fe atoms toward nanoclusters with formation of a stable iron dimer in an optimal metal–nitrogen moiety, clearly identified by direct transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The supported iron dimer, serving as cooperative metal–metal site, acts as efficient oxygen evolution catalyst. Our findings offer an atomic insight to guide the future design of ultrasmall metal clusters bearing outstanding catalytic capabilities.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号