Synthesis and characterization of novel thermoresponsive‐co‐biodegradable hydrogels composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide,poly(L‐lactic acid), and dextran

A series of novel multifunctional hydrogels that combined the merits of both thermoresponsive and biodegradable polymeric materials were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The hydrogels were copolymeric networks composed of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) as a thermoresponsive component, poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as a hydrolytically degradable and hydrophobic component, and dextran as an enzymatically degradable and hydrophilic component. The chemical structures of the hydrogels were characterized by an attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) technique. The hydrogels were thermoresponsive, showing a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at approximately 32 °C, and their swelling properties strongly depended on temperature changes, the balance of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic components, and the degradation of the PLLA component. The degradation of the hydrogels caused by hydrolytic cleavage of ester bonds in the PLLA component was faster at 25 °C below the LCST than at 37 °C above the LCST, determined by the ATR–FTIR technique. Due to their multifunctional properties, the designed hydrogels show great potential for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5054–5066, 2004     

The best uniform convergence rate of linear empirical bayes estimators

In this paper the thought on the uniform convergence of an empirical Bayes estimator or linear empirical Bayes (l.e.B.) estimator is advanced. Under two different models the l.e.B. estimators of the parameter are constructed respectively. It is proved that the convergence rates and uniform convergence rates of these l.e.B. estimators are all one with respect to the corresponding prior families. It is shown that the uniform convergence rate one is the best, under mild assumptions imposed on the conditional density of the sample.     

离子束引起的在Al／Cr双层薄膜界面处的原子混合

用600keV的Kr~ 离子轰击Al/Cr双层薄膜样品进行界面原子反应及相互混合的研究。实验样品是在单晶硅上蒸镀约500nm厚的铝膜,相继再蒸上所需厚度的铬膜而制成的。轰击剂量为2.0×10~(15)-2.5×10~(16)Kr~ /cm~2。用2.0MeVa粒子对轰击前后的样品进行了卢瑟福背散射(RBS)分析,发现界面处有明显的原子混合存在;当轰击剂量≥1.0×10~(16)Kr~ /cm~2时,RBS谱出现有明显的坪台,经拟合计算和x射线衍射(XRD)测量证实确有化合物Al_(13)Cr_2存在;还分别得到了原子混合量及混合效率与轰击剂量的关系;最后对界面处的原子混合机制进行了讨论。     

One convenient synthesis route to boron nitride nanotube

We describe one convenient synthesis route to boron nitride (BN) nanotube by the reaction of boron powder, iron oxide, and ammonium chloride at 600 °C for 12 h. Characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, TEM and SAED, the composition and morphology of the products are confirmed. The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed.     

Formation of β‐iPP in isotactic polypropylene/ethylene–propylene rubber blends: Effects of preparation method,composition, and thermal condition

The effects of preparation method, composition, and thermal condition on formation of β‐iPP in isotactic polypropylene/ethylene–propylene rubber (iPP/EPR) blends were studied using modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and phase contrast microscopy (PCM). It was found that the α‐iPP and β‐iPP can simultaneity form in the melt‐blended samples, whereas only α‐iPP exists in the solution‐blended samples. The results show that the formation of β‐iPP in the melt‐blended samples is related to the crystallization temperature and the β‐iPP generally diminishes and finally vanishes when the crystallization temperature moves far from 125 °C. The phenomena that the lower critical temperature of β‐iPP in iPP/EPR obviously increases to 114 °C and the upper critical temperature decreases to 134 °C indicate the narrowing of temperature interval, facilitating the formation of β‐iPP in iPP/EPR. Furthermore, it was found that the amount of β‐iPP in melt‐blended iPP/EPR samples is dependent on the composition and the maximum amount of β‐iPP formed when the composition of iPP/EPR blends is 85:15 in weight. The results through examining the effect of annealing for iPP/EPR samples at melt state indicate that this annealing may eliminate the susceptibility to β‐crystallization of iPP. However, only α‐iPP can be observed in solution‐blended samples subjected to annealing for different time. The PCM images demonstrate that an obvious phase‐separation happens in both melt‐blended and solution‐blended iPP/EPR samples, implying that compared with the disperse degree of EPR in iPP, the preparation method plays a dominant role in formation of β‐iPP. It is suggested that the origin of formation of β‐iPP results from the thermomechanical history of the EPR component in iPP/EPR. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1704–1712, 2007     

水动力学问题的弱可压缩模型求解方法研究

从弱可压缩水动力学方程出发，采用坐标变换的方法处理自由表面，建立了能够模拟有自由表面流动问题的定常、非定常的三维水动力学模型和对流扩散模型，模型采用浮湍流模型进行封闭，并对模型求解的数值方法进行了研究。     

Generation of large fifth-order nonlinear phase shifts by use of lossless χ(2) cascaded nonlinear processes

It is shown that the cascaded fifth-order nonlinear phase shifts will increase with energy loss in the cascaded processes. Essentially different from the multi-photon absorption accompanied with inherent material nonlinearities, the loss of fundamental wave in a cascaded process is controllable and suppressible. By introducing difference frequencies generated from the reaction between the fundamental and its second harmonic after the cascaded processes, the fundamental wave can be free of energy loss, while the large cascaded fifth-order nonlinear phase shift is maintained.     

新型菲涅尔线聚焦聚光太阳电池组件研究

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂为材料,采用热压成型工艺加工成型线聚焦菲涅尔聚光透镜(8×),可用于空间、地面光伏系统太阳电池组件的聚光系统,并对在其聚光条件下,太阳电池的电流电压特性进行测试,结果表明,该菲涅尔线聚焦棱镜能有效提高太阳电池的单位输出功率.模具的机械加工精度和光学抛光精度低,是造成其部分聚光率损失的原因.     

Very low thermal expansion in TaO2F

X-ray diffraction data for TaO₂F from 20 to 400 K show a thermal expansion so low that we cannot be certain whether it is positive or negative. We estimate the absolute value of the thermal expansion coefficient to be less than 6×10⁻⁷/K. This then is comparable to that of amorphous SiO₂ and is apparently unique behavior for a cubic material over such a large temperature range.