高温超导YBCO带材的交流传输电流损耗测量

文中对不同频率不同幅值的交变电流下高温超导体YBCO带材的交流传输损耗进行了实验研究。实验在77K下,对Superpower公司生产的SCS4050型号带材采用电测法通过锁相放大器进行了交流损耗值的测量,并将其工作电流为50Hz时的测量结果与Norris矩形模型估算值进行了对比,同时也给出了15Hz到300Hz不同频率下交流损耗测量结果的比较分析。     

甲醇、乙醇富燃层流预混火焰的模拟及试验研究

为了对两个流行的反应动力学机理和一个本组前期发展的修订机理进行全面比较,采用同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱技术,对甲醇和乙醇富燃((?)=1.4)低压层流预混火焰进行了试验研究。同时采用这三个机理分别对火焰进行了模拟。结果表明,与前两个机理相比,修订机理的预测精度更高,模拟和试验结果为发展甲醇和乙醇的高温氧化模型提供了参考。     

Theoretical ultraslow bright and dark optical solitons in cascade-type GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells

We show the formation of ultraslow bright and dark optical solitons in a cascade-type three-level system of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structure based on the biexciton coherence in the transient optical response, and study analytically and numerically with Maxwell–Schrödinger equations. The calculated velocity of bright and dark optical solitons are V_g = 2.7 × 10⁴ ms^? 1 and V_g = 8.91 × 10⁴ ms^? 1, respectively. Such investigation of ultraslow optical solitons in MQWs may provide practical applications such as high-fidelity optical delay lines and optical buffers in semiconductor quantum wells structure, because of its flexible design.     

Identifying Radix Curcumae by using terahertz spectroscopy

The absorption spectra from 0.2 THz to 1.6 THz of four kinds of similar Chinese herbs, including huangyujin, lvyujin, guiyujin and wenyujin, have been investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Furthermore, by using support vector machines (SVM) method, the linear kernel function, the polynomial kernel function, and the radial basis kernal function are employed for separating four kinds of Radix Curcumae. The calculated results show that the accuracy of discrimination for these four kinds of Chinese herbs is 100%.     

The use of chromium minerals in the 4th–3rd century BC China? A preliminary study of a bronze Pan unearthed from Jiuliandun Graves,Hubei Province,central southern China

A bronze Pan (water vessel), dating back to the 4th–3rd century BC, was excavated at Jiuliandun in Hubei Province, central southern China, in 2002. The Pan attracts wide attention among the Chinese archaeologists and conservators for its uniqueness in style and color, which turns out to be due to a black‐brown film of about 1 mm thickness. In the present work, a combined use of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), micro‐Raman, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to determine both chemical and physical compositions of the Pan's film. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The film, as XRF analysis indicates, has high concentrations of chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe); (2) Both Raman and XRD analyses suggest that the element Cr probably exists in the film mainly in the form of chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃). Raman analysis also implies the presence of PbCrO₄·PbO in the film; (3) XRD analysis suggests that the element Fe exists in the film in the form of magnetite (Fe₃O₄). Based on these analytical results and Chinese historical records, we propose that, as early as in the 3rd century BC, people in central southern China might have discovered and intentionally used chromium minerals for bronze surface treatment (such as coating). The source of chromium minerals used in this period was likely Cr‐spinel minerals from meteorites. More work remains to be done to test the possibility of using Cr‐spinel minerals for bronze production and decoration. Other issues, such as the possibility of forming a chromium‐rich film during the underground burial, also need to be solved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A three‐dimensional surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrate: Au nanoparticle supramolecular self‐assembly in anodic aluminum oxide template

A three‐dimensional surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate via the self‐assembly of properly sized Au nanoparticles in anodic aluminum oxide templates was designed and prepared. Au nanoparticles first underwent hydrophobic surface modification. Then, the hydrophobic Au nanoparticles self‐assembled, aggregated and formed many hot spots in the anodic aluminum oxide templates through a supramolecular interaction. We chose thiophenol as a probe molecule to evaluate the SERS enhancement ability of this three‐dimensional substrate. The enhancement factor was calculated to be 4.6 × 10⁶ under the radiation of a 785‐nm laser. By further comparing SERS signals from different points on the same substrate, we confirmed that this substrate possessed good reproducibility and could be applied for SERS detection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Building and analyzing the US airport network based on en-route location information

From a complex network perspective, this study sets out two aims around the US airport network (USAN) which is built from en-route location information of domestic flights in the US. First, we analyze the structural properties of the USAN with respect to its binary and weighted graphs, and second we explore the airport patterns, which have wide-ranging implications. Results from the two graphs indicate the following. (1) The USAN exhibits scale-free, small-world and disassortative mixing properties, which are consistent with the mainstream perspectives. Besides, we find (2) a remarkable power relationship between the structural measurements in the binary graph and the traffic measurements in the weighted counterpart, namely degree versus capacity and attraction versus volume. On the other hand, investigation of the airport patterns suggests (3) that all the airports can be classified into four categories based on multiple network metrics, which shows a complete typology of the airports. And it further indicates (4) that there is a subtle relationship between the airport traffic and the geographical constraints as well as the regional socioeconomic indicators.     

Thermodynamic and physical properties of FeAl and Fe3Al: an atomistic study by EAM simulation

With this work we present a newly developed potential for the Fe–Al system, which is based on the analytical embedded atom method (EAM) with long range atomic interactions. The potential yields for the two most relevant phases B2-FeAl and D0₃-Fe₃Al lattice constants, elastic constants, as well as bulk and point defect formation enthalpies, which are in good agreement with experimental and other theoretical data. In addition, the phonon dispersions for B2-FeAl and D0₃-Fe₃Al show a good agreement with available experiments. The calculated lattice constants and formation enthalpy for disordered Fe–Al alloys are in good agreement with experimental data or other theoretical calculations. This indicates that the present EAM potentials of Fe–Al system is suitable for atomistic simulations of structural and kinetic properties for the Fe–Al system.     

A study of GaN MOSFETs with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 as the gate dielectric

Accumulation-type GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with atomic-layer-deposited Al₂O₃ gate dielectrics are fabricated. The device, with atomic-layer-deposited Al₂O₃ as the gate dielectric, presents a drain current of 260 mA/mm and a broad maximum transconductance of 34 mS/mm, which are better than those reported previously with Al₂O₃ as the gate dielectric. Furthermore, the device shows negligible current collapse in a wide range of bias voltages, owing to the effective passivation of the GaN surface by the Al₂O₃ film. The gate drain breakdown voltage is found to be about 59.5 V, and in addition the channel mobility of the n-GaN layer is about 380 cm²/Vs, which is consistent with the Hall result, and it is not degraded by atomic-layer-deposition Al₂O₃ growth and device fabrication.