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61.
62.
In order to interpret abrupt changes of distributions of orientations andmagnitudes of hyperfine fields in Mössbauer measurements of57Fe in YFeMnO4, a model is proposed. The origin is assumed to be not static but dynamic. Fluctuating fields are caused by spins in a fully frustrated spin system, namely, a Heisenberg spin system on a triangular lattice in a two-dimensional antiferromagnet. Extending the stochastic theory for the fluctuation between two states to that among many states with a Gaussian distribution, we fit the spectra with three parameters, hyperfine fieldH
hf, correlation time c, andwidth of fluctuating field , within a limited condition of =c=1. Obtained results represent the characteristic features of Mössbauer spectra well, in spite of a simplified model. 相似文献
63.
The propulsion methods of the aquatic lives are the results of optimization by evolution and are useful for the design of
swimming-robot, etc. Among them, loach has unique propulsion technique both bending its long body and shaking caudal fin.
Our purpose of the research is to clarify its swimming mechanism through flow field analysis. Two dimensional motion and flow
around it have been experimentally visualized by particle image velocimetry (PIV). Vortices around a loach and the interactions
between the loach body and surrounding water are analyzed. Generating and growing vortices by bending its body, it pushes
water backward to gain repulsing force, and it seems that moves through vortices reducing the resistance force at the same
time. When a vortex reaches to the caudal fin, it accelerates both sides of the vortex pushing water backward and seems gaining
propulsion utilizing the caudal fin. After moving forward, loach leaves a vortex street like reverse Karman vortices, which
means that loach gains propulsion. 相似文献
64.
65.
Hozumi N Yamashita R Lee CK Nagao M Kobayashi K Saijo Y Tanaka M Tanaka N Ohtsuki S 《Ultrasonics》2004,42(1-9):717-722
The authors have proposed a new type of ultrasonic microscopy for biological tissue characterization. The system is driven by a nanosecond pulse voltage, the generated acoustic wave being reflected at the front and rear side of the sliced tissue. In this report, a time-frequency analysis was applied to determine the sound speed thorough the tissue. Frequency dependence of sound speed was obtained with a myocardium of a rat sliced into 10 microm. As the reflected waveform had a significant amount of oscillating component, the waveform was once subjected to the deconvolution process. As the result, two reflections were clearly separated in time domain. Then these two reflections were separately analyzed by time-frequency analysis. Each reflection was extracted by using a proper window function. Phase angles of these reflections at the same frequency were compared. A sound speed micrograph at an arbitrary frequency in between 50 and 150 MHz was successfully obtained. A tendency was found that the sound speed slightly increases with frequency. 相似文献
66.
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides not only the dimensions of coronary artery but the information of tissue components. In catheterization laboratory, soft and hard plaques are classified by visual inspection of echo intensity. So-called soft plaque contains lipid core or thrombus and it is believed to be more vulnerable than a hard plaque. However, it is not simple to analyze the echo signals quantitatively. When we look at a reflection signal, the intensity is affected by the distance of the object, the medium between transducer and objects and the fluctuation caused by rotation of IVUS probe. The time of flight is also affected by the sound speed of the medium and Doppler shift caused by tissue motion but usually those can be neglected. Thus, the analysis of RF signal in time domain can be more quantitative than intensity of RF signal. In the present study, a novel imaging technique called "intravascular tissue velocity imaging" was developed for searching a vulnerable plaque. Radio-frequency (RF) signal from a clinically used IVUS apparatus was digitized at 500 MSa/s and stored in a workstation. First, non-uniform rotation was corrected by maximizing the correlation coefficient of circumferential RF signal distribution in two consecutive frames. Then, the correlation and displacement were calculated by analyzing the radial difference of RF signal. Tissue velocity was determined by the displacement and the frame rate. The correlation image of normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries clearly showed the internal and external borders of arterial wall. Soft plaque with low echo area in the intima showed high velocity while the calcified lesion showed the very low tissue velocity. This technique provides important information on tissue character of coronary artery. 相似文献
67.
S. Momota Y. Nojiri M. -B. Tanaka T. Yanagisawa M. Fukuda K. Matsuta T. Minamisono 《Hyperfine Interactions》1993,80(1-4):1275-1279
To disclose the basic mechanisms of nuclear polarization creation realized by the tilted foil technique, hyperfine quantum beats of the nuclear polarization of the short-lived beta-emitter8Li(I
=2+,T
1/2=840 ms) were measured as a function of the distance between two tilted foils. From the observed beats of the8Li nuclear polarization, it was found that the Fermi-contact interaction of the8Li nucleus with the ground 1s-electron in LiIII plays a main role in the final stage of polarization transfer from polarized orbital electrons to the8Li nucleus. 相似文献
68.
T. Ohshima M. Tanaka K. Katori M. Fujiwara H. Ogata M. Kondo N. Shimakura 《Hyperfine Interactions》1993,78(1-4):251-257
Nuclear polarization was measured by means of beam foil spectroscopy for a3He+ ion produced by an electron capture process of a3He2+ from a polarized sodium atom in an incident energy range from 20 to 28 keV. Assuming that a polarized electron of a sodium atom is predominantly captured to the 3d orbital of a3He+ ion andcascades down to the 1s ground state via the 2p orbital, an alignment factorA
0
col
(L=2) for the 3d orbital of a3He+ ion was extracted by comparing the observed initial sodium polarization andfinal nuclear polarization. The observedA
0
col
(L=2) showed a less pronounced energy dependence andwere qualitatively reproduced by the theoretical calculation. 相似文献
69.
S. Momota Y. Nojiri M. -B. Tanaka T. Yanagisawa M. -Y. Tanaka M. Fukuda K. Matsuta T. Minamisono 《Hyperfine Interactions》1993,80(1-4):1281-1286
In order to study the basic mechanism of polarization enhancement realized by the multitilted foil technique, nuclear polarization of short-lived beta-emitter8B(T1/2=769 ms,I
=2+) was induced. Utilizing up to ten tilted foils, the polarization enhancement was measured as a function of the foil numbers. The observed enhancement for8B was combined with the previous results for12B(I
=1+,T
1/2=20 ms) which has the same atomic configurations but different nuclear spin. Analyzing these results in the framework of the classical vector model, the essential features of the enhancement depending on the nuclear spin was disclosed. 相似文献
70.