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51.
Qingde Zhang Yisheng Tan Caihong Yang Yizhuo Han Jun Shamoto Noritatsu Tsubaki 《天然气化学杂志》2007,16(3):322-325
The attractive utilization route for one-step catalytic oxidation of dimethyl ether to dimethoxymethane was successfully carried out over the H3PW12O40(40%)/SiO2 catalyst, modified by Cs, K, Ni, and V. The Cs modification of H3PW12O40(40%)/SiO2 gave the most promising result of 20% dimethyl ether conversion and 34.8% dimethoxymethane selectivity. Dimethoxymethane could be synthe- sized via methoxy groups decomposed from dimethyl ether through the synergistic effect between the acid sites and the redox sites of Cs modified H3PW12O40(40%)/SiO2. 相似文献
52.
在1000 ℃用活性炭把二氧化锡粉末还原成单质锡, 锡作为催化剂, 硅片作为硅源同时作为收集衬底, 在硅片上制备出了非晶SiO2纳米灯笼. 灯笼的一端连在硅片上, 另一端为一个锡球, 中间是一些圆弧状的SiO2纳米线把两端相连. 纳米灯笼具有良好的对称性. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED) 和HRTEM自带的能谱分析仪(EDS)对样品的表面形貌、微观结构和成分进行了分析研究. 结果表明, 灯笼中SiO2纳米线为非晶态, 结点是晶态锡, 结点表面覆盖一层非晶态的硅的氧化物. 结合实验条件对纳米灯笼的生长机理进行了讨论, 提出了纳米灯笼生长的一个模型. 相似文献
53.
Drummy LF Koerner H Farmer K Tan A Farmer BL Vaia RA 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(38):17868-17878
With the use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy the structure and morphology of montmorillonite (MMT), a material of current interest for use in polymer nanocomposites, was characterized. Using both imaging theory and experiment, the procedures needed to generate lattice images from MMT were established. These procedures involve careful control of the microscope's objective lens defocus to maximize contrast from features of a certain size, as well as limiting the total dose of electrons received by the sample. Direct images of the MMT lattice were obtained from neat Na+ MMT, organically modified MMT, and organically modified MMT/epoxy nanocomposites. The degree of crystallinity and turbostratic disorder were characterized using electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). Also, the extent of the MMT sheets to bend when processed into an epoxy matrix was directly visualized. A minimum radius of curvature tolerable for a single MMT sheet during bending deformation was estimated to be 15 nm, and from this value a critical failure strain of 0.033 was calculated. HREM can be used to improve the understanding of the structure of polymer nanocomposites at the nanometer-length scale. 相似文献
54.
James Elver Johnson Joanne A. Maia Karen Tan Abdolkarim Ghafouripour Patrice De Meester Shirley S. C. Chu 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1986,23(6):1861-1868
O-Methyl-α-ketophenylacetohydroximoyl chloride ( 1 ) was prepared by the reaction of O-methyl-α-methoxyphenylacetohydroximoyl chloride ( 5 ) with N-bromosuccinimide and concentrated hydrobromic acid. Reaction of 1 with ethylenediamine gave 3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2(1H)-pyrazinone-O-methyloxime ( 6 ). 3-Phenyl-5,6-cyclohexano-5,6-dihydro-2(1H)-pyrazininone-O-methyloxime ( 7 ) was prepared by reaction of 1 with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The X-ray structure of 6 has been determined. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pbca with a = 10.264(3), b = 18.262(4), c = 23.530(4)Å, V = 4411(2)Å3, and Z = 16. The structure, which was refined to R = 0.038 using 1652 observed reflections, shows the amidoxime moiety to be the Z configuration. Reaction of benzohydroximoyl chloride with aziridine gave (Z)-aziridinylbenzaldoxime ( 16a ). Ultraviolet irradiation of a benzene solution of 16a gave a mixture of the Z and E isomers 16a and 16b . The E isomer 16b underwent thermal isomerization to 16a at 100°. Reaction of 16a with dimethyl sulfate in sodium hydroxide solution gave (Z)-O-methylaziridinylbenzaldoxime ( 17a ). Photoisomerization of a hexane solution of 17a gave a mixture of the Z and E isomers 17a and 17b which were separated by preparative glc. The isomers 17a and 17b are resistant to thermal Z = E isomerization. The mechanisms of thermal isomerization of benzamidoximes are discussed. 相似文献
55.
[reaction: see text] A protocol for the copper(II)-catalyzed etherification of aliphatic alcohols under mild and essentially neutral conditions is described. Air- and moisture-stable potassium alkenyl- and aryltrifluoroborate salts undergo cross-coupling with a variety of aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols and phenols, and are tolerant of a range of functional groups. The optimized conditions utilize catalytic copper(II) acetate with 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as ligand in the presence of 4 A molecular sieves under an atmosphere of oxygen. 相似文献
56.
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58.
This review aims to provide a summary of the progress in organic small molecular fluorescent dyes for photodynamic therapy in recent years and it is classified according to the structures of dyes including cyanines, phthalocyanine, BODIPYs and other agents. 相似文献
59.
Novel carboxylated oligothiophenes as sensitizers in photoelectric conversion systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tan S Zhai J Fang H Jiu T Ge J Li Y Jiang L Zhu D 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2005,11(21):6272-6276
Novel carboxylated oligothiophenes with different thiophene units were designed and synthesized as photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for efficient opto-electric materials. The introduction of -COOH into thiophene molecules can lead to a red shift of UV-visible absorption, increase light-harvesting efficiency, and enhance photoinduced charge transport by forming efficient covalent bonds to the substrate surface. A red shift of the absorption spectrum of oligothiophene is also achieved by the increase in the number of thiophene units. The DSSCs based on the oligomers have excellent photovoltaic performances. Under 100 mW cm(-2) irradiation a short-circuit current of 10.57 mA cm(-2) and an overall energy conversion efficiency of 3.36 % is achieved when pentathiophene dicarboxylated acid was used as a sensitizer. The incident photo-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) has a maximum as high as 80 %. In addition, photovoltage and photocurrent transients show that slow charge recombination in DSSCs is important for efficient charge separation and excellent photoelectric conversion properties of the oligomers. These initial and promising results suggest that carboxylated oligothiophenes are efficient photosensitizers. 相似文献
60.
An organopalladium complex containing ortho-metalated (S)-(1-(dimethylamino)ethyl)naphthalene as the chiral auxiliary has been used to promote the asymmetric hydrophosphination reactions between diphenylphosphine and (E)- or (Z)-diphenyl-1-propenylphosphine in high regio- and stereoselectivities under mild conditions. Hydrophosphination of (Z)-diphenyl-1-propenylphosphine with diphenylphosphine gave (S)-(-)-prophos as the major product. Using the same chiral metal template, the corresponding hydrophosphination reaction with (E)-diphenyl-1-propenylphosphine gave (R)-(+)-prophos predominantly. The hydrophosphination reactions generated the asymmetric diphosphines as bidentate chelates on the chiral naphthylamine palladium templates. The template products obtained undergo cis-trans isomerization in solution to form an equilibrium mixture of regioisomers. X-ray analysis of the major template products obtained from the hydrophosphination of (Z)-diphenyl-1-propenylphosphine reveals that the two regioisomers are cocrystallized in a 1:1 ratio. The naphthylamine auxiliary could be removed chemoselectively from the template products by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid to form the corresponding optically pure neutral complexes [(R)- or (S)-(prophos)PdCl(2)]. Subsequently, the (R)- and (S)-dichloro complexes undergo ligand displacement with aqueous cyanide to generate the corresponding optically pure diphosphine ligands in high yields. Mechanistic pathways explaining the stereoselectivity of the chiral organopalladium template promoted hydrophosphination reactions are also proposed. 相似文献