Partial oscillator strengths for the photoionization of N2O and CO2 (20–60 eV)

The photoelectron branching ratios and the partial oscillator strengths (cross sections) for photoionisation of the valence orbitals of N₂O and CO₂ have been obtained in the energy range 20–60 eV using the magic angle dipole (e, 2e) method. In addition to single electron ionization processes there is a large contribution from multiple electron transitions at higher energies in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. The photoionization efficiency and the dipole oscillator strenght for total photoabsorption have also been measured.     

Can TMS and DSS be used as NMR references for cyclodextrin species in aqueous solution?

Tetramethylsilane (TMS) can be included by -cyclodextrin (-CD), and sodium 2,2-dimethylsilapentane-5-sulphonate (DSS) can form inclusion complexes with - and -CD. The NMR chemical shifts are changed considerably as a result of the strong interaction between CD and the guest compound in the inclusion complexes. A downfield shift of as much as 0.63 ppm shift downfield has been observed for the protons of external TMS in CD aqueous solution. In view of this, the question arises of whether TMS and DSS can be used as internal references. DSS in D₂O is suggested as an external reference for aqueous cyclodextrin solution in NMR measurements.     

Direct titrations of antibiotics with iodate solutions: Part 2. Some selected cephalosporins

A previous method for the determination of penicillins by direct titration with potassium iodate under strongly acidic conditions has been extended to the assay of some selected cephalosporins. Results are presented, including error and precision analyses, for the determination of cephaloridine, cephalothin and cephalexin. The appropriate stoichiometries are 1 mol cephalosporin to 3 mol iodate for cephalothin and cephaloridine; 1 mol to 2 mol iodate for cephalexin. An irreversible aqueous end-point technique has been compared with the chloroform layer method; the latter gives more precise results for the determination of cephaloridine and cephalothin (0.8% and 1.3% r.s.d. respectively). Comparable precision was obtained by either technique for the determination of cephalexin (1.39% r.s.d.).     

Isolation of a carbon nanohoop with M(o)bius topology

Carbon nanohoop,a class of constrained molecular architecture consisting of linked arene units,has attracted considerable interest from both experimental and th...     

Benzamides Substituted with Quinoline-Linked 1,2,4-Oxadiazole: Synthesis,Biological Activity and Toxicity to Zebrafish Embryo

To develop new compounds with high activity, broad spectrum and low-toxicity, 17 benzamides substituted with quinoline-linked 1,2,4-oxadiazole were designed using the splicing principle of active substructures and were synthesized. The biological activities were evaluated against 10 fungi, indicating that some of the synthetic compounds showed excellent fungicidal activities. For example, at 50 mg/L, the inhibitory activity of 13p (3-Cl-4-Cl substituted, 86.1%) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was superior to that of quinoxyfen (77.8%), and the inhibitory activity of 13f (3-CF₃ substituted, 77.8%) was comparable to that of quinoxyfen. The fungicidal activities of 13f and 13p to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were better than that of quinoxyfen (14.19 mg/L), with EC₅₀ of 6.67 mg/L and 5.17 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the acute toxicity of 13p was 19.42 mg/L, classifying it as a low-toxic compound.     

Preparation of Silica Aerogel/Resin Composites and Their Application in Dental Restorative Materials

As the most advanced aerogel material, silica aerogel has had transformative industrial impacts. However, the use of silica aerogel is currently limited to the field of thermal insulation materials, so it is urgent to expand its application into other fields. In this work, silica aerogel/resin composites were successfully prepared by combining silica aerogel with a resin matrix for dental restoration. The applications of this material in the field of dental restoration, as well as its performance, are discussed in depth. It was demonstrated that, when the ratio of the resin matrix Bis-GMA to TEGDMA was 1:1, and the content of silica aerogel with 50 μm particle size was 12.5%, the composite achieved excellent mechanical properties. The flexural strength of the silica aerogel/resin composite reached 62.9546 MPa, which was more than five times that of the pure resin. Due to the presence of the silica aerogel, the composite also demonstrated outstanding antibacterial capabilities, meeting the demand for antimicrobial properties in dental materials. This work successfully investigated the prospect of using commercially available silica aerogels in dental restorative materials; we provide an easy method for using silica aerogels as dental restorative materials, as well as a reference for their application in the field of biomedical materials.     

Pogostone Enhances the Antibacterial Activity of Colistin against MCR-1-Positive Bacteria by Inhibiting the Biological Function of MCR-1

The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has resulted in the loss of available treatments for certain severe infections. Here we identified a potential inhibitor of MCR-1 for the treatment of infections caused by MCR-1-positive drug-resistant bacteria, especially MCR-1-positive carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). A checkerboard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, a killing curve test, a growth curve test, bacterial live/dead assays, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, cytotoxicity tests, molecular dynamics simulation analysis, and animal studies were used to confirm the in vivo/in vitro synergistic effects of pogostone and colistin. The results showed that pogostone could restore the bactericidal activity of colistin against all tested MCR-1-positive bacterial strains or MCR-1 mutant–positive bacterial strains (FIC < 0.5). Pogostone does not inhibit the expression of MCR-1. Rather, it inhibits the binding of MCR-1 to substrates by binding to amino acids in the active region of MCR-1, thus inhibiting the biological activity of MCR-1 and its mutants (such as MCR-3). An in vivo mouse systemic infection model, pogostone in combination with colistin resulted in 80.0% (the survival rates after monotherapy with colistin or pogostone alone were 33.3% and 40.0%) survival at 72 h after infection of MCR-1-positve Escherichia coli (E. coli) ZJ487 (blaNDM-1-carrying), and pogostone in combination with colistin led to one or more order of magnitude decreases in the bacterial burdens in the liver, spleen and kidney compared with pogostone or colistin alone. Our results confirm that pogostone is a potential inhibitor of MCR-1 for use in combination with polymyxin for the treatment of severe infections caused by MCR-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae.     

理解全球化：基于“经济−社会−政治”体系共生演化视角的分析

20世纪80年代以来,一波超级全球化席卷全球。当今世界进入了百年未有之大变局,全球化陷入困境。应当如何理解当前的全球化困境？百年未有之大变局究竟变在何处？为此,可以从经济学、政治学、社会学与国际关系的综合视角,构建“经济−社会−政治”为一体的、动态演化的框架,以理解当今世界全球化的深层次矛盾。近一波全球化过程中全球经济力量与收入分配格局发生了变化,出现了发达经济体的经济停滞和新兴经济体的赶超,也导致了社会各阶层和不同社会群体的收入和财富差距发生巨变。全球化中全球经济基础的变化,即全球化中的全球经济力量格局变迁与收入分配恶化将对各国的经济和社会基础产生重大影响,进而影响上层建筑：国家的主导思想和意识形态。一个国家在国际关系和经济政策领域主导思想的演变,势必影响其对外战略和政策选择,进而影响本国的经济走向乃至全球化的历史进程。     

Approach for the Direct Synthesis of β-Dichlorosubstituted Acetanilides Using Iodine Trichloride (ICl3) as the Oxidant and Catalyst

A reliable method for direct synthesis of β‐dichlorosubstituted acetanilides is reported. The key transformation involves the oxidative and catalytic cleavage of a carbon‐carbon bond in the presence of iodine trichloride (ICl₃). In this protocol ICl₃ is used not only as the catalyst but also as the oxidant which widely broadens the scope of its application in organic synthetic chemistry.