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We propose a new fringe analysis method that uses only one speckle interferogram of a deformed object to obtain phase change distribution by deformation. This method uses cos-1 operations to extract absolute, not signed, values of new phase after deformation. Considering the phase changes in a small local area, true phase changes retain almost the same value by assuming a continuous deformation in the area. This retention determines the sign of the new phase. From the new phase and the initial phase, the phase change distribution by the deformation can be obtained. Experimental results show the usefulness of this method. 相似文献
23.
We sought to develop a sensitive and quantitative technique capable of monitoring the entire flux of autophagy involving fusion of lysosomal membranes. We observed the accumulation inside lysosomal compartments of Keima, a coral-derived acid-stable fluorescent protein that emits different-colored signals at acidic and neutral pHs. The cumulative fluorescent readout can be used to quantify autophagy at a single time point. Remarkably, the technique led us to characterize an autophagy pathway in Atg5-deficient cells, in which conventional LC3-based autophagosome probes are ineffective. Due to the large Stokes shift of Keima, this autophagy probe can be visualized in conjunction with other green-emitting fluorophores. We examined mitophagy as a selective autophagic process; time-lapse imaging of mitochondria-targeted Keima and GFP-Parkin allowed us to observe simultaneously Parkin recruitment to and autophagic degradation of mitochondria after membrane depolarization. 相似文献
24.
Masahiko Ishino Anatoly Y. Faenov Momoko Tanaka Satoshi Tamotsu Noboru Hasegawa Masaharu Nishikino Tatiana A. Pikuz Takeshi Kaihori Tetsuya Kawachi 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2013,110(1):179-188
To study the interactions between picosecond soft x-ray laser (SXRL) beams and material surfaces, gold (Au), copper (Cu), and silicon (Si) surfaces were irradiated with SXRL pulses having a wavelength of 13.9 nm and a duration of ~7 ps. Following irradiation, the surfaces of the substrates were observed using a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. With single pulse irradiation, ripple-like structures were formed on the Au and Cu surfaces. These structures were different from previously investigated conical structures formed on an Al surface. In addition, it was confirmed that the development of modified structures, i.e., growth of hillocks on the Au and Cu surfaces, was observed after multiple SXRL pulse exposures. However, on the Si surface, deep holes that seemed to be melted structures induced by the accumulation of multiple pulses of irradiations were found. Therefore, it was concluded that SXRL beam irradiation of various material surfaces causes different types of surface modifications, and the changes in the surface behaviors are attributed to the differences in the elemental properties, such as the attenuation length of x-ray photons. 相似文献
25.
Ken-ichiro Kanno Shenyong Ren Yanzhong Li Kiyohiko Nakajima Tamotsu Takahashi 《Tetrahedron letters》2007,48(52):9199-9202
New insights into the reaction of diethylzirconocene with an alkyne, an isocyanate, and an acyl chloride in this order are reported. The products of 5-hydroxypyrrol-2(5H)-ones are obtained in good yields after hydrolysis. It is an efficient method for the synthesis of 5-hydroxypyrrol-2(5H)-ones. 相似文献
26.
Inabe T Gaudiello JG Moguel MK Lyding JW Burton RL McCarthy WJ Kannewurf CR Marks TJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》1986,108(24):7595-7608
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Tamotsu Fujisawa Toshio Sato Tatsuo Kawara Masatoshi Kawashima Hirofumi Shimizu Yasuhiro Ito 《Tetrahedron letters》1980,21(22):2181-2184
Various organocuprates react with β-propiolactones to give β-substituted propionic acids in high yields. 相似文献
29.
Thermoluminescence has been measured for two kinds of MgO single crystals. The kinetics of the 94°C glow peak for the blue emission was found to be second order for a sample containing iron in low concentration, while 1.3-order for one appreciably in high concentration. The result was discussed in terms of the concentrations of the recombination and retrapping centers. 相似文献
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