A novel immobilized-enzyme system utilizing microcapsules

A novel immobilized-enzyme system that has glucoamylase on the surface of, and glucose oxidase within, polyurea microcapsules was developed. This system was found to carry out its sequential enzymatic reaction effectively. It was also demonstrated that the use of microcapsules was useful for this immobilized-enzyme system since a large amount of the second enzyme, glucose oxidase, was required for the sequential reaction to proceed efficiently. In addition, this system was found helpful for making the size of reaction batches smaller.     

Penning ionization electron spectroscopy and photo-electron spectroscopy of molecular solids. II. Ammonia and water

The Penning ionization electron spectra (PIES) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) of ammonia and water molecules condensed on a cold metal substrate have been measured using thermal He*(2³S, 2¹S) metastable atoms and He(I) (58.4 nm) photons. The shifts of the observed positions of the PIES peaks relative to those of the UPS peaks in the condensed phase are roughly equal to the corresponding shifts in the gas phase. The relative intensities of the 3a₁ and 1e orbital peaks are reversed in the PIES and UPS for both gaseous and condensed ammonia; the origin of this reversal is interpreted as the difference between the interactions with metastable atoms and photons. On the other hand, the relative intensities of the 3a₁ orbital peak in the PIES and UPS for condensed water decrease as compared to the gas-phase spectra. This implies participation of the 3a₁ orbital of water in the hydrogen bonding.     

A convenient method for the synthesis of (E)-3-alkenoic acids by a regio- and stereoselective reaction of β-vinyl-β-propiolactone with organocopper reagents

β-Vinyl-β-propiolactone reacts regio- and stereoselectively with Grignard reagents in the presence of copper(I) catalyst or with diorganocuprates to afford (E)-3-alkenoic acids in high yields.     

A novel five-carbon homologation leading to 3,4-alkadienoic acids by SN2′ reaction of β-ethynyl-β-propiolactone with grignard reagents in the presence of copper(i) catalyst

β-Ethynyl,-β-propiolactone reacts regioselectively with Grignard reagents in the presence of copper(I) catalyst to afford 3,4-alkadienoic acids in high yields. Synthetic utility of this reaction is demonstrated in the simple synthesis of pellitorine.     

Isolation of 6,13-dipropylpentacene and its tautomerization

6,13-Dipropyl-5,14-dihydropentacene was aromatized by the combination of the formation of pentacene-DDQ adduct and abstraction of DDQ from the pentacene-DDQ adduct with 50 equiv of gamma-terpinene to give 6,13-dipropylpentacene cleanly. It was stable and isolable. In the presence of a catalytic amount of acid, 6,13-dipropylpentacene was isomerized to its tautomer.     

Ring-closing metathesis within chromium-coordination sphere: Facile access to phosphine-chelate (π-arene)chromium complexes

A variety of phosphine-chelate (π-arene)chromium complexes were prepared in good to excellent yields by the ring-closing metathesis reaction of [η⁶-(ω-alkenyl)benzene][(ω-alkenyl)phosphine]chromium(0) dicarbonyl complexes catalyzed by the Grubbs’ ruthenium-carbene complexes.     

Selective decomposition of nucleic acids by laser irradiation on probe-tethered gold nanoparticles in solution

We have developed a new method for selective decomposition of nucleic acids. The method utilizes a high temperature and pressure region (HTP region, hereafter) around a gold nanoparticle, which was generated when the gold nanoparticle was irradiated with a pulsed laser in aqueous solution. A probe DNA molecule whose sequence was complementary to a part of a target DNA molecule was bound to the gold nanoparticle surface. In a solution containing both the target and non-target DNA molecules, the gold nanoparticle selectively attached to the target DNA through hybridization of the probe DNA. When the gold nanoparticle was excited by a pulsed laser, the HTP region was generated in the close vicinity of the gold nanoparticle and then the target DNA molecules inside of this region were decomposed. The non-target DNA molecules having no part complementary to the probe DNA were scarcely decomposed by laser irradiation. When the gold nanoparticle was excited by an intense laser, the non-target DNA molecules were also decomposed, because some of them were located inside the inflated HTP region. We discussed the mechanism of the decomposition of the DNA molecules by the HTP region.     

Another approach to characterizations of generalized triangle inequalities in normed spaces

In this paper, we consider a generalized triangle inequality of the following type: $$\left\| {x_1 + \cdots + x_n } \right\|^p \leqslant \frac{{\left\| {x_1 } \right\|^p }} {{\mu _1 }} + \cdots + \frac{{\left\| {x_2 } \right\|^p }} {{\mu _n }}\left( {for all x_1 , \ldots ,x_n \in X} \right),$$ where (X, ‖·‖) is a normed space, (µ₁, ..., µ _n ) ∈ ? ⁿ and p > 0. By using ψ-direct sums of Banach spaces, we present another approach to characterizations of the above inequality which is given by [Dadipour F., Moslehian M.S., Rassias J.M., Takahasi S.-E., Nonlinear Anal., 2012, 75(2), 735–741].     

Chemical control of magnetism: oxidation-induced ferromagnetic spin coupling in the chromium dimer evidenced by photoelectron spectroscopy

The photoelectron spectrum of the dichromium oxide cluster anion, Cr2O-, and the analysis by the density-functional theory revealed that the spins of the two Cr atoms in Cr2O- are ferromagnetically coupled, and that its total spin magnetic moment is as large as 9 mu(B). This ferromagnetic spin coupling is induced by oxidation; the mixing of Cr 3d with O 2p orbitals plays an important role in a spin coupling between the localized electrons at the two Cr sites bridged by the O atom. The present finding is in marked contrast to the pure chromium dimer, which is known to be antiferromagnetic due to the strong sextuple Cr-Cr bond.