A novel PCR-based technology for rapid and non-sequencing authentication of Bombyx batryticatus using species-specific primers

A novel PCR technology was developed to detect short DNA fragments using species-specific primers for rapid and non-sequencing authentication of Bombyx batryticatus based on differences in the mitochondrial genome. Three specifically designed primer reactions were established to target species for the reliable identification of their commercial products. They were confirmed to have a high inter-species specificity and intra-species stability. The limit of detection was estimated as 1 ng of genomes for Beauveria bassiana and 100 pg for Bombyx mori and Metarhizium anisopliae. Furthermore, validation results demonstrated that raw materials and their processed products can be conveniently authenticated with good sensitivity and precision using this newly proposed approach. In particular, when counterfeits were assayed, these primer sets performed well, whereas COI barcoding technology did not. These could also assist in the discrimination and identification of adulterates of other animal-derived medicines in their pulverized and processed forms and even in complexes.     

Regularized gap functions and error bounds for split mixed vector quasivariational inequality problems

In this paper, we consider a class of split mixed vector quasivariational inequality problems in real Hilbert spaces and establish new gap functions by using the method of the nonlinear scalarization function. Further, we obtain some error bounds for the underlying split mixed vector quasivariational inequality problems in terms of regularized gap functions. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate our results. The results obtained in this paper are new.     

Simple route to new oxadiazaboroles and oxadiazoles via amidoximes

Abstract

The novel push–pull alkene, the 2-(nitro-nitrosomethylene)-pyrrolidine with numerous aliphatic or aromatic amines as nucleophiles afforded amidoximes. Various substituted oxadiazaborole and oxadiazole derivatives were prepared starting from these amidoximes, widening the synthetic applicability of the push–pull alkenes. Acylation of the amidoximes was also examined. The mechanism of the amidoxime formation was investigated by computational methods.     

Efficient algorithms for solving certain nonconvex programs dealing with the product of two affine fractional functions

Two algorithms for finding a global minimum of the product of two affine fractional functions over a compact convex set and solving linear fractional programs with an additional constraint defined by the product of two affine fractional functions are proposed. The algorithms are based on branch and bound techniques using an adaptive branching operation which takes place in one-dimensional intervals. Results from numerical experiments show that large scale problems can be efficiently solved by the proposed methods.     

Generation of Nonlinear Evolution Equations by Reductions of the Self-Dual Yang–Mills Equations

With the help of some reductions of the self-dual Yang Mills （briefly written as sdYM） equations, we introduce a Lax pair whose compatibility condition leads to a set of （2 ＋ 1）-dimensional equations. Its first reduction gives rise to a generalized variable-coefficient Burgers equation with a forced term. Furthermore, the Burgers equation again reduces to a forced Burgers equation with constant coefficients, the standard Burgers equation, the heat equation, the Fisher equation, and the Huxley equation, respectively. The second reduction generates a few new （2 ＋ 1）-dimensional nonlinear integrable systems, in particular, obtains a kind of （2 ＋ 1）-dimensional integrable couplings of a new （2 ＋ 1）- dimensional integrable nonlinear equation.     

Wavelength and power monitoring of DWDM systems using scanning F–P filter calibrated with a F–P laser

A novel technique to overcome the long-term drift and hysteresis of a scanning Fabry–Perot filter was developed and applied to wavelength and power monitoring of DWDM system. By using the comb peaks generated by a temperature-stabilized, near threshold-biased Fabry–Perot diode laser as wavelength reference for the scanning Fabry–Perot filter, wavelength and power measurement accuracy of better than ±10 pm and 0.2 dB, respectively, were achieved.     

Moments of an exponential functional of random walks and permutations with given descent sets

The exponential functional of simple, symmetric random walks with negative drift is an infinite polynomial Y = 1 + ξ₁ + ξ₁ξ₂ + ξ₁ξ₂ξ₃ + ⋯ of independent and identically distributed non-negative random variables. It has moments that are rational functions of the variables μ _k = E(ξ ^k ) < 1 with universal coefficients. It turns out that such a coefficient is equal to the number of permutations with descent set defined by the multiindex of the coefficient. A recursion enumerates all numbers of permutations with given descent sets in the form of a Pascal-type triangle. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quaternionic geometry of matroids

Building on a recent paper [8], here we argue that the combinatorics of matroids are intimately related to the geometry and topology of toric hyperkähler varieties. We show that just like toric varieties occupy a central role in Stanley’s proof for the necessity of McMullen’s conjecture (or g-inequalities) about the classification of face vectors of simplicial polytopes, the topology of toric hyperkähler varieties leads to new restrictions on face vectors of matroid complexes. Namely in this paper we will give two proofs that the injectivity part of the Hard Lefschetz theorem survives for toric hyperkähler varieties. We explain how this implies the g-inequalities for rationally representable matroids. We show how the geometrical intuition in the first proof, coupled with results of Chari [3], leads to a proof of the g-inequalities for general matroid complexes, which is a recent result of Swartz [20]. The geometrical idea in the second proof will show that a pure O-sequence should satisfy the g-inequalities, thus showing that our result is in fact a consequence of a long-standing conjecture of Stanley.