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11.
Electrochemical determination of Hg(II) in aquatic solutions on bare and modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is reported. Optimizing the parameters used for a bare GCE, such as the electrolyte solution, the potential and time of deposition, resulted in linear response over a large range of Hg(II) concentrations (4–160 ppb) using linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry. Modification of the electrode with 4,4′-disulfanediyldibenzenediazonium (DSBD) yielded a lowest detection limit of 1 ppb. Two procedures for DSBD synthesis are described for the first time, and the product was characterized by microanalysis, FTIR and 1H-NMR. The electrochemical attachment of DSBD to the electrode was studied and compared with the electrochemical behaviour of DSBD analogous molecules, i.e. 4-aminophenyl disulfide, p-aminothiophenol and phenyl disulfide. 相似文献
12.
We study, theoretically and experimentally, the evolution of patterns in a passive nonlinear cavity that is longer than the coherence length of the light circulating in it. The patterns exhibit spatial line narrowing as the feedback is increased, resembling the line narrowing in lasers. 相似文献
13.
We formulate the theory describing the evolution and interactions between optical spatial solitons that propagate in opposite directions. We show that coherent collisions between counterpropagating solitons give rise to a new focusing mechanism resulting from the interference between the beams, and that interactions between such solitons are insensitive to the relative phase between the beams. 相似文献
14.
We present the experimental observation of a spatial vector soliton formed by counterpropagation of coherent optical fields. This is to our knowledge the first observation of a vector soliton in which the induced waveguide (potential) is periodic in the propagation direction. This vector soliton induces a waveguide and a thick grating within the waveguide, which can be used as a tunable optical waveguide filter. 相似文献
15.
Matthes J Pery T Gründemann S Buntkowsky G Sabo-Etienne S Chaudret B Limbach HH 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(27):8366-8367
Some transition metal complexes are known to catalyze ortho/para hydrogen conversion, hydrogen isotope scrambling, and hydrogenation reactions in liquid solution. Using the example of Vaska's complex, we present here evidence by NMR that the solvent is not necessary for these reactions to occur. Thus, solid frozen solutions or polycrystalline powdered samples of homogeneous catalysts may become heterogeneous catalysts. Comparative liquid- and solid-state studies provide novel insight into the reaction mechanisms. 相似文献
16.
Solitons in nonlinear media with an infinite range of nonlocality: first observation of coherent elliptic solitons and of vortex-ring solitons 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We present an experimental study on wave propagation in highly nonlocal optically nonlinear media, for which far-away boundary conditions significantly affect the evolution of localized beams. As an example, we set the boundary conditions to be anisotropic and demonstrate the first experimental observation of coherent elliptic solitons. Furthermore, exploiting the natural ability of such nonlinearities to eliminate azimuthal instabilities, we perform the first observation of stable vortex-ring solitons. These features of highly nonlocal nonlinearities affected by far-away boundary conditions open new directions in nonlinear science by facilitating remote control over soliton propagation. 相似文献
17.
We present the first experimental observation of modulation instability and spontaneous pattern formation with incoherent white light emitted from an incandescent light bulb. We show experimentally that modulation instability of white light propagating in a noninstantaneous self-focusing medium is a collective effect, where the entire temporal spectrum of the light beam becomes unstable at the same threshold value and collectively forms a pattern with a single periodicity. We experimentally demonstrate that the temporal spectrum of the evolving perturbation self-adjusts to match the collective pattern formation phenomenon. 相似文献
18.
Fleischer JW Carmon T Segev M Efremidis NK Christodoulides DN 《Physical review letters》2003,90(2):023902
We report the first experimental observation of discrete solitons in an array of optically induced waveguides. The waveguide lattice is induced in real time by illuminating a photorefractive crystal with a pair of interfering plane waves. We demonstrate two types of bright discrete solitons: in-phase self-localized states and the staggered (pi out-of-phase) soliton family. This experiment is the first observation of bright staggered solitons in any physical system. Our scheme paves the way for reconfigurable focusing and defocusing photonic lattices where low-power (mW) discrete solitons can be thoroughly investigated. 相似文献
19.
Yang Luo Tuo Li Fang Yu Tal Kramer Ileana M. Cristea 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2010,21(1):34-46
Current biological studies have been advanced by the continuous development of robust, accurate, and sensitive mass spectrometric
technologies. The MALDI LTQ Orbitrap is a new addition to the Orbitrap configurations, known for their high resolving power
and accuracy. This configuration provides features inherent to the MALDI source, such as reduced spectra complexity, forgiveness
to contaminants, and sample retention for follow-up analyses with targeted or hypothesis-driven questions. Here we investigate
its performance for characterizing the composition of isolated protein complexes. To facilitate the assessment, we selected
two well characterized complexes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Apl1 and Nup84. Manual and automatic MS and MS/MS analyses readily resolved their compositions, with increased confidence
of protein identification compared with our previous reports using MALDI QqTOF and MALDI IT. CID fragmentation of singly-charged
peptides provided sufficient information for conclusive identification of the isolated proteins. We then assessed the resolution,
accuracy, and sensitivity provided by this instrument in the context of analyzing the isolated protein assemblies. Our analysis
of complex mixtures of singly-charged ions up to m/z 4000 showed that (1) the resolving power, inversely proportional to the square root of m/z, had over four orders of magnitude dynamic range; (2) internal calibration led to improved accuracy, with an average absolute
mass error of 0. 5 ppm and a distribution centered at 0 ppm; and (3) subfemtomole sensitivity was achieved using both CHCA
and DHB matrices. Additionally, our analyses of a synthetic phosphorylated peptide in mixtures showed subfemtomole level of
detection using neutral loss scanning. 相似文献
20.