The characteristic fragment ions and visualization of cationic starches on pulp fiber using ToF‐SIMS

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) was used to investigate the distribution of cationic starch on pulp fiber. To identify the characteristic fragment ions of the cationic starches, deuterium‐labeled cationic starches were prepared and analyzed using ToF‐SIMS. The starch 2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride derivative generated characteristic fragments at m/z 58 and 59, which were identified as [H₂C?N(CH₃)₂]⁺ and [N(CH₃)₃]^+·, respectively. The fragmentation patterns were also suggested. From the imaging analysis, the adsorption of the cationic starch on fibers was uneven on individual fibers, as well as between fibers. This may have been on account of fiber morphology and structure. On examining scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, the quaternary ammonium starch derivative (QS) did not penetrate the fiber. No migration of cationic starch was observed under various drying conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distributed computing and NMR constraint-based high-resolution structure determination: applied for bioactive Peptide endothelin-1 to determine C-terminal folding

Distributed computing has been implemented to the solution structure determination of endothelin-1 to evaluate efficiency of the method for NMR constraint-based structure calculations. A key target of the investigation was determination of the C-terminal folding of the peptide, which had been dispersed in previous studies of NMR, despite its pharmacological significances. With use of tens of thousands of random initial structures to explore the conformational space comprehensively, we determined high-resolution structures with good convergences of C-terminal as well as previously defined N-terminal structures. The previous studies had missed the C-terminal convergence because of initial structure dependencies trapped in localized folding of the N-terminal region, which are strongly constricted by two disulfide bonds.     

Particle size determination by radioisotope x-ray absorptiometry with sedimentation method]

The possibility of radioisotope X-ray absorptiometry to determine the particle size of powder in conjunction with sedimentation was investigated. The experimental accuracy was primarily determined by Cow and X-ray intensity. where Co'=weight concentration of the particle in the suspension w'=(micron/rho)l/(mu/rho)s-rhol/rhos rho; density micron/rho; mass absorption coefficient, suffix l and s indicate dispersion and particle, respectively. The radiosiotopes, Fe-55, Pu-238 and Cd-109 have high w-values over the wide range of the atomic number. However, a source of high micron value such as Fe-55 is not suitable because the optimal X-ray transmission length, Lopt is decided by the expression, micronlLopt approximately 2/(1+C'ow') by using Cd-109 AgKX-ray source, the weight size distribution of particles from the heavy elements such as PbO2 to light elements such as Al2O3 or flyash was determined.     

Structures and ligand exchange of N-confused porphyrin dimer complexes with group 12 metals

N-confused 5,20-diphenylporphyrin (NCDPP, 1) formed 2:2 dimer complexes with group 12 metals both in the solid state and in solution. X-ray single-crystal analyses of the Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes (7, 8) revealed that each metal ion is coordinated with three inner core nitrogens and a peripheral nitrogen of the other NCDPP in the pair. In the (1)H NMR spectra of 7, 8, and the Hg(II) complex (9), the outer alpha-H signals of the confused pyrrole ring appeared in the upfield region at 2.57, 3.44, and 3.60 ppm, respectively, due to the ring current effect by the coordinated porphyrins. In the case of the Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes (8, 9), additional magnetic couplings with the metal nuclei of the partner rings were observed. The equilibrium constants (K) of the monomer exchange reaction at 25 degrees C were determined to be 2.5, 1.3, and 0.6 for the (Zn-Cd), (Cd-Hg), and (Zn-Hg) heterodimer complexes, respectively, from the (1)H NMR spectra of a solution containing two different dimers. Furthermore, a metal-transfer reaction from a Zn(II) NCP dimer complex to the free base porphyrin was demonstrated.     

Synthesis and properties of rhenium tricarbonyl complex bearing N-fused tetraphenylporphyrin ligand

An N-fused porphyrin rhenium complex was synthesized by the thermal reaction of an N-confused porphyrin with Re2(CO)10 and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

Generalized Aluthge transformation on -hyponormal operators

We shall introduce a generalized Aluthge transformation on -
hyponormal operators and also, by using the Furuta inequality, we shall give several properties on this generalized Aluthge transformation as further extensions of some results of Aluthge.

     

Self-assembly of flexible supramolecular metallacyclic ensembles: structures and adsorption properties of their nanoporous crystalline frameworks

The syntheses, structures, and N2 adsorption properties of six new supramolecular metallacycles are reported. Flexible ditopic linkers, 1-4, with systematically varied lengths and conformational degrees of freedom were synthesized utilizing ester linkages. They were used in combination with (dppp)M(OTf)2, where M = Pt(II) and Pd(II), and cis-(Me3P)2Pt(OTf)2 to form flexible supramolecular metallacycles 5-10 in 88-98% isolated yields. Their structures were characterized via multinuclear NMR and X-ray crystallography. The metallacycles stack to form porous structures in the crystalline state. The pore dimensions depend on both the phosphorus ligands attached to the metals and the flexible linkers. Adsorption studies on the porous materials show that 5a, 6, 8, and 9 held 11.7, 16.5, 5.7, and 6.8 cm3/g STP of N2 at 77 K, respectively. A guest-exchange study with nitromethane and toluene reveals that the nanopore in 5 is flexible, a property which was transferred from the linker to the supramolecular structure in the solid state.     

Simultaneous light emission from a mixture of dendrimer encapsulated chromophores: a model for single-layer multichromophoric organic light-emitting diodes

The site isolation of two dyes capable of electronic interaction via Forster energy transfer has been studied with the two dyes coumarin 343 and pentathiophene encapsulated by dendrons containing both solubilizing and electroactive moieties. Photoluminescence studies of mixtures of the dendritic dyes show that at high dendron generation, significant site isolation is achieved with relative emission characteristics influenced by both the degree of site isolation and the emission quantum yield of the dyes. Electroluminescence studies carried out in organic light emitting diode devices confirm that color tuning may be achieved by mixing the two encapsulated dyes in a single layer. However, selective carrier trapping by one of the core component dyes can dramatically influence the effectiveness of other components in the device.