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131.
日本的教育体制大体上类似于其他国家,即小学6年,初中3年,高中3年,大学本科4年。大学本科毕业后另有2年硕士学位,再加3年博士学位的教育。当前在校学习的人数逐年增加,人均在校学习的时间也逐渐延长。到2000年已有将近一半的18岁同龄人进入大学学习。为适应上述教育情况的变化,日本政府目前开始了一个重整大学教育体制的计划。该计划将所有原来模式相同的649所大学划分为两大类,一类是研究和教学型的,另一类是教学型的。目前已有9所大学已被认定为第一类型的大学。本文介绍日本教育体制的变化以及上述重整计划的长远目标。 相似文献
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Kakuta H Hirahara T Matsuda I Nagao T Hasegawa S Ueno N Sakamoto K 《Physical review letters》2007,98(24):247601
We report the energy dispersions of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO)-derived bands of a pentacene (Pn) thin film, whose in-plane structure resembles closely that of the ab plane of a low-density bulk Pn phase. Our present photoemission result indicates that the overlap of the pi-orbitals of adjacent Pn molecules is larger than what was expected from theoretical calculations. Further, of the two HOMO-derived bands, the large dispersion width of the band with higher binding energy suggests that this one mainly contributes to the bandlike charge transport in a Pn crystal. 相似文献
134.
Numerical-Asymptotic Expansion Matching for Computing a Viscous Flow Around a Sharp Expansion Corner
A computational technique which is based on a numerical-asymptotic expansion matching for computing the local singular behavior
of a viscous flow around a sharp right-angle expansion corner is presented. Moffatt's (1964) asymptotic solution is extended
and a matching with a time-marching finite-difference scheme of the Navier--Stokes equations is formulated. Local mesh refinement
around the corner is required to meet the validity of the asymptotic solution. Flows in an expanding channel with expansion
ratio D/d=3 at various Reynolds numbers 1≤Re≤700 are simulated. The results are compared with those from a standard finite-difference scheme that uses second-order forward/backward
differences near the corner. It is found that the results of the standard scheme converge toward those of the present technique
as the level of local refinement near the corner is increased. The time-dependent parameters of the first two terms of the
asymptotic solution at the steady-state solution are also described for various cases of Re and D/d. It is demonstrated that the present method enhances the accuracy of the simulations and requires less refinements near the
corners to achieve converged numerical results.
Received 14 August 2000 and accepted 25 October 2001 相似文献
135.
Dr. Shiguo Zhang Prof. Seiji Tsuzuki Dr. Kazuhide Ueno Prof. Kaoru Dokko Prof. Masayoshi Watanabe 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(4):1302-1306
Nitrogen‐doped carbon materials (NDCs) play an important role in various fields. A great deal of effort has been devoted to obtaining carbon materials with a high nitrogen content; however, much is still unknown about the structure of the nitrogen‐doped materials and the maximum nitrogen content possible for such compounds. Here, we demonstrate an interesting relationship between the N/C molar ratio and the N content of NDCs. The upper limit for the nitrogen content of NDCs that might be achieved was estimated and found to strongly depend on the carbonization temperature (14.32 wt % at 1000 °C and 21.66 wt % at 900 °C), irrespective of the precursor or preparation conditions. Simulations suggest that, especially in the carbon architectures obtained at high temperatures, nitrogen atoms are always located on separate hexagon moieties in a graphitic configuration, thereby yielding a critical N/C molar ratio very close to the value estimated from the experimental results. 相似文献
136.
A rapid time series of photographs of the horizontal cross-sections of several y
+ locations were taken of a turbulent open-channel water flow with Re
d
= 3,900. A pair of photographic images were obtained with a time difference of 1.3 v/u
2
at each y
+ locations. The pictures were digitized into 8 bit data with a spatial resolution of 2.5 viscous scales. Instead of identifying discrete particles, a variable interval spatial correlation technique was used to extract the velocity components. With this technique, two-dimensional spatial cross-correlations of the illumination intensities were taken between a pair of picture images. The correlations were taken over small areas and the peak of the correlation coefficients were used to obtain the convection velocity yielding the u and w components of velocity. Some statistical properties were calculated and are shown to be comparable with previous data. Spatial correlations of the velocity components revealed some unique characteristics related to the structure of turbulence. 相似文献
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Junko Takeda Rieko Nakata Hiroshi Ueno Akio Murakami Mineo Iseki Masakatsu Watanabe 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2014,90(5):1043-1049
Our previous studies of action spectra for UV‐B‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in cultured carrot cells indicated that a reduced form of pterin, possibly tetrahydrobiopterin, contributes to UV‐B photoreception. In this report, we provide additional evidence for the involvement of pterin in UV‐B light sensing. UV‐B‐induced phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity was considerably suppressed by N‐acetylserotonin (an inhibitor of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis), and this suppression was partially recovered by adding biopterin or tetrahydrobiobiopterin. In addition, protein(s) specifically bound to biopterin were detected by radiolabeling experiments in N‐acetylserotonin‐treated cells. Furthermore, diphenyleneiodonium, a potent inhibitor of electron transfer, completely suppressed UV‐B‐induced PAL activity. These results suggest the occurrence of an unidentified UV‐B photoreceptor (other than UVR8, the tryptophan‐based UV‐B sensor originally identified in Arabidopsis) with reduced pterin in carrot cells. After reexamining published action spectra, we suggest that anthocyanin synthesis is coordinately regulated by these two UV‐B sensors. 相似文献
140.
Fraction collection of selected components from a complex mixture plays a critical role in biomedical research, environmental analysis, and biotechnology. Here, we introduce a novel electrophoretic chip device based on a signal processing theorem that allows simultaneous space sampling for fractionation of ssDNA target fragments. Ten parallel extraction channels, which covered 1.5-mm-long sampling ranges, were used to facilitate the capturing of fast-moving fragments. Furthermore, the space sampling extraction made it possible to acquire pure collection, even from partly overlapping fragments that had been insufficiently separated after a short electrophoretic run. Fragments of 180, 181, and 182 bases were simultaneously collected, and then the recovered DNA was PCR amplified and assessed by CE analysis. The 181-base target was shown to be isolated in a 70-mm-long separation length within 10 min, in contrast to the >50 min required for the 300-mm-long separation channel in our previous study. This method provides effective combination of time and space, which is a breakthrough in the traditional concept of fraction collection on a chip. 相似文献