全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10573篇 |
免费 | 314篇 |
国内免费 | 48篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7835篇 |
晶体学 | 116篇 |
力学 | 142篇 |
数学 | 545篇 |
物理学 | 2297篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 84篇 |
2020年 | 114篇 |
2019年 | 150篇 |
2018年 | 98篇 |
2017年 | 80篇 |
2016年 | 186篇 |
2015年 | 176篇 |
2014年 | 234篇 |
2013年 | 519篇 |
2012年 | 542篇 |
2011年 | 629篇 |
2010年 | 346篇 |
2009年 | 385篇 |
2008年 | 639篇 |
2007年 | 591篇 |
2006年 | 649篇 |
2005年 | 585篇 |
2004年 | 559篇 |
2003年 | 443篇 |
2002年 | 448篇 |
2001年 | 225篇 |
2000年 | 221篇 |
1999年 | 141篇 |
1998年 | 124篇 |
1997年 | 123篇 |
1996年 | 125篇 |
1995年 | 96篇 |
1994年 | 99篇 |
1993年 | 130篇 |
1992年 | 121篇 |
1991年 | 107篇 |
1990年 | 81篇 |
1989年 | 72篇 |
1988年 | 96篇 |
1987年 | 103篇 |
1986年 | 116篇 |
1985年 | 157篇 |
1984年 | 139篇 |
1983年 | 60篇 |
1982年 | 121篇 |
1981年 | 127篇 |
1980年 | 110篇 |
1979年 | 98篇 |
1978年 | 81篇 |
1977年 | 90篇 |
1976年 | 75篇 |
1975年 | 54篇 |
1974年 | 61篇 |
1973年 | 47篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Tomoyuki Miyazawa Haruka Abe Takayuki Suzuki Yosuke Togashi Kazuhiro Koshiji Yuki Nonaka 《Journal of carbohydrate chemistry》2013,32(5):252-266
We evaluated the potential of a linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) as a starting material to access C6-modified glucose derivatives and found that 6-bromo-6-deoxyglucose, 6-azide-6-deoxyglucose, and 6-acetamido-6-deoxyglucose could be readily prepared from curdlan through its C6-selective and quantitative modifications and subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. 相似文献
992.
Nitrogen-rich heterocycles, bis(pyrazino[2′,3′:4,5]imidazole)-fused 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4,5,8,9,10-hexaazaanthracenes (BPI-HAAs) were prepared by conventional Pd(OAc)2/BINAP-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions of 5-aryl-3-bromoaminopyrazines. The BPI-HAA core is a planar structure with aromaticity, and this heterocycle exhibits red fluorescence and moderate electron-accepting characteristics. 相似文献
993.
Masahiro Ishino Kaoru Kinoshita Kunio Takahashi Takashi Sugita Motoo Shiro Kimiko Hasegawa Kiyotaka Koyama 《Tetrahedron》2012,68(41):8572-8576
Three novel diterpenes, phomactins K–M (1–3), were isolated from the cultures of an unidentified marine-derived fungus. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated from spectroscopic data (NMR, MS, IR), and the absolute configurations of 1, 2, and the relative configuration of 3 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. 相似文献
994.
Takashi Kitayama Sayo Ohta Yasushi Kawai Tomoyasu Nakayama Masataka Awata 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2010,21(1):11-15
Tetrahydrozerumbone 2, which has a powerful balmy fragrance, has a stereogenic carbon at C2 and can be easily prepared from zerumbone 1, which is one of the most important materials that displays an NMRDOS character. Reduction of 2 gave two diastereomers 3 and 4; their optically active (>99% ee) alcohols were obtained by lipase-catalyzed stereoselective transesterification of each racemic alcohol. The enantioselectivity of tetrahydrozerumbol does not entirely depend on the hydroxyl position but on the 2-methyl position. Compounds (R)-2 and (S)-2 were obtained by Dess–Martin oxidation of the corresponding alcohols. Interestingly, (R)-2 showed a strong balmy fragrance while (S)-2 had hardly any fragrance. 相似文献
995.
Takashi Nakanishi Masanobu Naito Yukikazu Takeoka Kazunori Matsuura 《Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science》2011,16(6):482-490
In this review article, we describe recent progress about exotic self-assembled systems with various dimensions including biomolecules, supramolecules, unique hydrophobic amphiphiles, polymers, nano-clusters, and colloidal particles. Construction of robust biomolecular assemblies with exotic structures, such as ring and hollow capsule, is achieved by rational designs of symmetric biomolecular conjugates. In addition, we comprehensively summarized leading-edge topics on optical/topological properties of self-assembled hybrid systems, such as circularly polarized luminescence or structural color. The preparation of colloidal amorphous array with photonic band gap-induced angle-independent structural color is also achieved in consideration of the following situations: i) two-body sphere–sphere potential, ii) disorder packing using different sizes of colloidal particles, and iii) softness of colloidal particles. Lastly, we demonstrated useful utilizations of exotic self-assembled objects. Flakelike microparticles were transcribed into various nano-flake metals and applied as temperature indicator for the local heating of an addictive. All findings described here show meaningful hybrid strategies in self-assembly techniques and their functionalization as well as materialization. 相似文献
996.
Masatoshi Hasegawa Daiki Hirano Mari Fujii Misako Haga Eiichiro Takezawa Shinya Yamaguchi Atsushi Ishikawa Takashi Kagayama 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(3):575-592
This work presents novel colorless polyimides (PIs) derived from 1R,2S,4S,5R‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (H″‐PMDA). Isomer effects were also discussed by comparing with PI systems derived from conventional hydrogenated pyromellitic dianhydride, that is, 1S,2R,4S,5R‐cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (H‐PMDA). H″‐PMDA was much more reactive with various diamines than H‐PMDA, and the former led to PI precursors with much higher molecular weights. The results can be explained from the quite different steric structures of these isomers. The thermally imidized H″‐PMDA‐based films were colorless regardless of diamines because of inhibited charge‐transfer interaction. In particular, the H″‐PMDA/4,4′‐oxydianiline system simultaneously achieved a very high Tg exceeding 300 °C, high toughness (elongation at break > 70%), and good solution processability. In contrast, the H‐PMDA‐based counterparts were essentially insoluble. The outstanding solubility of the former probably results from disturbed chain stacking by its nonplanar steric structure. An advantage of chemical imidization process is also proposed. In some cases, a copolymerization approach with an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride was effective to improve the thermal expansion property. The results suggest that the H″‐PMDA‐based PI systems can be promising candidates for novel high‐temperature plastic substrate materials in electronic paper displays. A potential application as optical compensation film materials in liquid crystal displays (LCD) is also proposed in this work. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013 相似文献
997.
998.
We have developed a simulation technique of multiscale Lagrangian fluid dynamics to tackle hierarchical problems relating to historical dependency of polymeric fluid. We investigate flow dynamics of dilute polymeric fluid by using the multiscale simulation approach incorporating Lagrangian particle fluid dynamics technique (the modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics) with stochastic coarse‐grained polymer simulators (the dumbbell model). We have confirmed that our approach is well in agreement with the macroscopic results obtained by a constitutive equation corresponding to the dumbbell model, and observed that microscopic thermal fluctuation appears in macroscopic fluid dynamics as dispersion phenomena. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 886–893, 2010 相似文献
999.
Ryota Seto Takashi Sato Takahiro Kojima Katsumoto Hosokawa Yasuhito Koyama Gen‐Ichi Konishi Toshikazu Takata 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2010,48(16):3658-3667
Syntheses of 2,2′‐bisalcoholic group‐substituted 9,9′‐spirobifluorene monomers 2 were performed by the reaction of 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene 2a with haloalcohols. Polycarbonates consisting of 9,9′‐spirobifluorene skeleton in the main chain (PC 4 ) were synthesized by the polycondensation of 2,2′‐bisalcoholic monomers 2 and triphosgene or diphenyl carbonate. PC 4 showed good thermal stability: the 5% weight loss temperature was over 330 °C under both nitrogen and air atmospheres. The glass transition temperature was in a range of 16–269 °C estimated by differential scanning calorimetry, depending on the flexibility of the alkylene or oxyethylene chains of 2 . PC 4 showed high solubility toward ordinary organic solvents such as CHCl3, benzene, and THF, making possible the preparation of the flexible thin films. Very high refractive index in a range of 1.62–1.66 at 589 nm was observed although PC 4 consists only of C, H, and O atoms, whereas very low degree of birefringence was confirmed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3658–3667, 2010 相似文献
1000.
Gang Dai Yoshikazu Ohno Yoichi Ikeda Jun Tamogami Takashi Kikukawa Naoki Kamo Tatsuo Iwasa 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2010,86(3):571-579
Phoborhodopsin (pR; also called sensory rhodopsin II, SRII) is a photoreceptor of negative phototaxis of halobacteria. The studies of photochemical properties of this pigment are not many because the amount of the pigment is small and the stability is low. Recently an expression system of phoborhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum (called salinarum phoborhodopsin, spR; also HsSRII) in Escherichia coli and purification method has been developed (Mironova et al. [2005] FEBS Lett., 579, 3147–3151), which enables detailed studies on the photochemical properties of spR. In the present work, the photoreaction cycle of E. coli-expressed spR was studied by low-temperature spectroscopy and flash photolysis. Formations of K-, M-, O-like intermediates and P480 were reconfirmed as reported previously. New findings are as follows. (1) The K-like intermediate (P500) was a mixture of two photoproducts. (2) Formation of L-like intermediate (P482) was observed by low-temperature spectroscopy and flash photolysis at room temperature. (3) On long irradiation of spR at 20°C, formation of a new photoproduct P370 was observed and it decayed to the original spR in the dark with a decay half time of 190 min. Based on these results the similarities and dissimilarities between spR and ppR are discussed. 相似文献