New synthetic method for orsellic acid type macrolides by intramolecular alkylation of protected cyanohydrin. The synthesis of (±)-zearalenone.

Zearalenone was synthesized by a general cyclization method of orsellic acid type macrolides having ketone moiety using the intramolecular alkylation of the protected cyanohydrin. This alkylation tolerates the presence of ester group and requires short reaction time.     

Catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters using an yttrium-biphenyldiol complex

We succeeded in a catalytic asymmetric epoxidation reaction of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters via a conjugate addition of an oxidant using 2-10 mol % of the yttirium-chiral biphenyldiol catalyst. A variety of substrates with beta-aryl and beta-alkyl substituents were epoxidized efficiently, yielding the corresponding alpha,beta-epoxy esters in up to 97% yield and 99% ee.     

Separation of microamounts of fluoride coexisting with large amounts of aluminium and silica by improved trimethylsilylating distillation

The previously reported distillation method for the separation of fluoride as trimethyl- fluorosilane is much improved. When hexamethyldisilazane serves as the silylating agent, interference of silica can be avoided and distillation is rapid at room temperature. Aluminum is effectively masked by pyrophosphoric acid. Almost all ions tested can be tolerated in 1000-fold molar amounts to fluoride. Over 98% recovery is obtained for 49 μg of fluoride in the presence of 80 mg of aluminum plus 200 mg of silica. Concentration of fluoride from very dilute (μg l^-1) solutions is easily achieved. Satisfactory results were obtained for standard rocks.     

Nona-coordinated chiral Eu(III) complexes with stereoselective ligand-ligand noncovalent interactions for enhanced circularly polarized luminescence

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of chiral Eu(III) complexes with nona- and octa-coordinated structures, [Eu(R/S-iPr-Pybox)(D-facam)(3)] (1-R/1-S; R/S-iPr-Pybox, 2,6-bis(4R/4S-isopropyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)pyridine; D-facam, 3-trifluoroacetyl-d-camphor), [Eu(S,S-Me-Ph-Pybox)(D-facam)(3)] (2-SS; S,S-Me-Ph-Pybox, 2,6-bis(4S-methyl-5S-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)pyridine), and [Eu(Phen)(D-facam)(3)] (3; Phen, 1,10-phenanthroline) are reported, and their structural features are discussed on the basis of X-ray crystallographic analyses. These chiral Eu(III) complexes showed relatively intense photoluminescence due to their (5)D(0) → (7)F(1) (magnetic-dipole) and (5)D(0) → (7)F(2) (electric-dipole) transition. The dissymmetry factors of CPL (g(CPL)) at the former band of 1-R and 1-S were as large as -1.0 and -0.8, respectively, while the g(CPL) of 3 at the (5)D(0) → (7)F(1) transition was relatively small (g(CPL) = -0.46). X-ray crystallographic data indicated specific ligand-ligand hydrogen bonding in these compounds which was expected to stabilize their chiral structures even in solution phase. CPL properties of 1-R and 1-S were discussed in terms of transition nature of lanthanide luminescence.     

A Unified Strategy for Exceptionally High Diastereoselectivity in the Photochemical Ring Closure of Chiral Diarylethenes

Into my arms : Photochemical cyclization of diarylethenes that have two chiral side arms showed up to 100 % de (see scheme). Introduction of these chiral side arms onto the carbon atoms where ring closure occurs is a general strategy for the highly diastereoselective cyclization of diarylethenes.

     

Mannose‐Binding Geometry of Pradimicin A

Pradimicins (PRMs) and benanomicins are the only family of non‐peptidic natural products with lectin‐like properties, that is, they recognize D ‐mannopyranoside (Man) in the presence of Ca²⁺ ions. Coupled with their unique Man binding ability, they exhibit antifungal and anti‐HIV activities through binding to Man‐containing glycans of pathogens. Notwithstanding the great potential of PRMs as the lectin mimics and therapeutic leads, their molecular basis of Man recognition has yet to be established. Their aggregate‐forming propensity has impeded conventional interaction analysis in solution, and the analytical difficulty is exacerbated by the existence of two Man binding sites in PRMs. In this work, we investigated the geometry of the primary Man binding of PRM‐A, an original member of PRMs, by the recently developed analytical strategy using the solid aggregate composed of the 1:1 complex of PRM‐A and Man. Evaluation of intermolecular distances by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy revealed that the C2–C4 region of Man is in close contact with the primary binding site of PRM‐A, while the C1 and C6 positions of Man are relatively distant. The binding geometry was further validated by co‐precipitation experiments using deoxy‐Man derivatives, leading to the proposal that PRM‐A binds not only to terminal Man residues at the non‐reducing end of glycans, but also to internal 6‐substituted Man residues. The present study provides new insights into the molecular basis of Man recognition and glycan specificity of PRM‐A.     

Supramolecular Approaches towards Ordered Polymer Materials

Controlled organization of polymer chains into ordered structures is highly important to tune or enhance the properties of the polymeric materials. A supramolecular approach using host–guest chemistry has allowed rational design of chain assemblies with many functional properties. Nanoporous materials with ordered channel structures are particularly useful for attaining precise assemblies of polymer chains through nanoconfinement.     

Mechanical and tribological properties of DLC coatings deposited by plasma-based ion implantation and deposition method on polyoxymethylene

Polyoxymethylene (POM, polyacetal) is one of the most popular plastics for machine elements, especially in Japan. However, it is difficult to use it under severe operating conditions such as high speed and high contact pressure. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were well known to be tribological and functional coatings. However, both POM and DLC coatings are difficult to adhere them each other. In the present paper, DLC coatings are deposited by plasma-based ion implantation and deposition (PBIID) method on POM substrate, and validity of DLC coatings on POM was investigated through friction and mechanical tests. When gas pressure was 0.2 and 0.8 Pa, hardness and adhesion properties of DLC coating deposited under gas pressure of 0.5 Pa were lower compared with under 0.2 and 0.8 Pa. For preparing DLC coatings having hard and good adhesion properties, relatively thin substrate was suitable. A correlation between relative humidity in the laboratory and friction coefficient was confirmed while DLC coatings remain on the substrate.     

Preparation of nanoscale cellulose materials with different morphologies by mechanical treatments and their characterization

Rod-like cellulose nanowhiskers and spherical cellulose nanoparticles were prepared from wood-pulp-derived cellulose powder by mechanical refining processes such as high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and ball-milling (BM). The nanowhiskers obtained by the HPH method were found to be 200–500 nm long and 11–16 nm wide. The diameters of the nanoparticles were in the range 40–200 nm, depending on the BM time, and were reduced to 25–50 nm after extra HPH. By adjusting the BM time, cellulose nanoparticles having different polymorphs with similar morphologies were prepared. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the recrystallization of cellulose I (1 h of BM time) or cellulose II (4–8 h of BM time) in ball-milled nanoparticles after water washing and solvent exchange treatments. The nanowhisker widths derived from the specific surface areas (SSA) by adsorption methods such as Congo red dye, nitrogen, and water vapor, sorptions were in agreement with those obtained from transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images. Similar SSA values were obtained for micro- and nano-scale cellulose materials using water vapor adsorption methods, and the SSAs of nanoparticles obtained by different adsorption methods are also discussed.     

Dimeric and trimeric tetrathiafulvalenes with strong intramolecular interactions in the oxidized states

New dimeric and trimeric TTF derivatives with methylenedithio spacers (1a,b, 2a, and 2b) have been synthesized. X-ray structure analysis revealed that TTF units of the dimer 1b adopted distorted face-to-face overlapping arrangement both in intra- and intermolecular stacking. Cyclic voltammetric study indicated that trimeric 2a was in favor of taking di- and tetracationic states, while the dimeric 1a was in favor of taking a monocation. The absorption spectroscopic study suggested an existence of the strong face-to-face interaction particularly in di-, tri-, and tetracationic state of the trimeric TTF derivatives.