Sonochemically synthesized core-shell structured Au–Pd nanoparticles supported on γ-Fe2O3 particles

A sample of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles supported on γ-Fe₂O₃ was synthesized in a sonochemically one-pot process. The structural analyses of the synthesized sample were performed by the techniques of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectrometry. Results indicated that the synthesized sample formed a core-shell structure in which a gold core was surrounded by a thin palladium shell. The reaction rate constant for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene of the present sample showed higher value than that of Pd nanoparticles supported on γ-Fe₂O₃ and core-shell structured Au–Pd nanoparticles supported on SiO₂. The present sample is a promising catalyst material which has a high catalytic activity.     

Analysis of lithium and hydrogen movement in functional solid materials by neutron radiography

The principle and availability of Neutron Radiography are demonstrated. The technique is actually applied to obtain the images as to lithium in the oxide lithium ion conductors and/or hydrogen in the hydrogen storage alloys. From analysis of the lithium or hydrogen distribution, the ionic transport number and the diffusion coefficient can be calculated and the hydrogenation process is discussed. In the case imaging the special cross-section in the sample, Neutron Computed Tomography is more favorable. Here, it will be demonstrated using our actual experimental results that the NCT technique is also useful in the field of Solid State Ionics to clarify the ion distribution and movement. Paper presented at the Patras Conference on Solid State Ionics, Patras, Greece, Sept. 14–18, 2004.     

α,α‐Dibromotoluene as a monomer for poly (substituted methylene) synthesis: Magnesium‐mediated polycondensation of α,α‐dibromotoluene and magnesium/copper‐mediated copolycondensation of α,α‐dibromotoluene with 1,6‐dibromohexane

α,α‐Dibromotoluene 1 was found to be polymerized by the reaction with excess Mg to give poly(phenylmethylene)s 2 , whose main chains were partially dehydrogenated to carbon–carbon double bonds (C?C). The C?Cs in 2 can be brominated by treatment with Br₂. The polymerization mechanism was presumed to include the formation of Grignard reagents of various species with benzylic C? Br bonds and the nucleophilic attacks of the Grignard reagents to various compounds with benzylic C? Br bonds. Copolymerization of 1 with dichlorodimethylsilane successfully proceeded. Mg/Cu‐mediated copolycondensation of 1 with 1,6‐dibromohexane proceeded to give polymers that have similar compositions to those of random copolymers of ethylene and styrene. © 2006Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5661–5671, 2006     

Multi-Terabit Long-Haul Transmission System Utilizing Distributed Raman Amplification Technologies

Here we summarize multi-terabit long-haul transmission experiment and distributed Raman amplification (DRA) technologies. As well, we investigate the configuration of dispersion-managed fibers for the DRA-based system from the viewpoint of the fiber non-linear effect and required pumping power.     

Identification of Two Palmitoyl Groups in Octopus Rhodopsin

Abstract— We determined the structure and site of fatty acid incorporated in octopus rhodopsin using a combination of fluorescence label and enzymatic cleavage methods in conjunction with fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. A single peptide containing two adjacent cysteines, Cys337 and Cys338, was successfully isolated using the fluorescence from a dye conjugated to Cys345. The FAB mass spectrometric analysis of the peptide (323phe-³⁴⁰phe) revealed that two palmitoyl groups are linked to Cys337 and Cys338 via thioester bonds in octopus rhodopsin as in bovine rhodopsin.     

Separation of V(V)-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinolato complex from a large excess reagent using an ODS cartridge for high-performance liquid chromatography.

A selective off-line preconcentration technique for the V(V) complex with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol has been developed and successfully applied to the determination of V(V) in an air-borne sample. The target complex was separated from excess reagent using an ODS cartridge and water as the eluent. The complex was then concentrated on another ODS cartridge using tetrabutylammonium bromide and eluted with methanol; the eluate was applied to a one-drop concentration/HPLC. A detection limit as low as (6.05 +/- 0.82)x 10(-11) M (5 ppt) was achieved.     

Synthesis of 3-substituted indazoles and benzoisoxazoles via Pd-catalyzed cyclization reactions: application to the synthesis of nigellicine

Syntheses of 3-substituted indazoles and benzoisoxazoles were efficiently accomplished with the aid of Pd-catalyzed intramolecular carbon-nitrogen and carbon-oxygen bond formations. The catalyst system described herein allows the cyclization to proceed under very mild conditions and thus could be applied to a wide range of substrates with acid- or base-sensitive functional groups. A total synthesis for the indazole ring-containing natural product nigellicine is also described.     

A facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of thiochromans from bis(2-formylphenyl) disulfide and alkenols via iodine-promoted generation and subsequent intramolecular cycloaddition of ortho-thiobenzoquinone methides

Stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrofuro- and tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]benzothiopyrans was achieved by intramolecular [4+2]cycloaddition of o-thiobenzoquinone methides that were generated in situ from bis(2-formylphenyl) disulfide and alkenols in the presence of iodine under mild reaction conditions.     

Nonlinear interpolation of functions of very many variables

The difficulty is first shown in the nonlinear interpolation of functions defined in a space of very many dimensions. There is a method using a sampling technique [J. ACM, Vol. 17, pp. 420–425, July 1970] that works fairly well in the regime ofk~10?20 (k=number of dimensions). The sampling errors, however, increase exponentially with increasingk, so that fork greater than the above values the computation is no more feasible. This is due to the subtraction between two large sums of about the same magnitude, each of which suffers stochastic fluctuations accompanying the samplings. To avoid this difficulty, a “pairwise” sampling method is devised where one draws two samples at a time when required, one from each of these two sums of terms. With the use of this technique, standard errors are reduced by orders of magnitude. Some details of algorithm are given together with typical computed examples.