Vacuum cosmological solution in a 6D universe

A simple vacuum cosmological solution that is a function ofct, Gm/c ² andeG ^1/2/C² is obtained in the 6D space-time-mass-charge universe which is proposed by Wesson [1] with the introduction of the sixth coordinate of charge in order to obtain a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism along the line of his original 5D space-time-mass universe [2]. It reduces to a similar solution to that of the radiation era in the 4D FRW universe through the compactifications of the extra dimensions. The trajectory of a test particle in the 6D universe is also studied by using the solution.     

Diaporthols A and B: Bioactive diphenyl ether derivatives from an endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp.

Diaporthols A (1) and B (2), two diphenyl ether derivatives, were isolated from cultures of an endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. ECN-137 obtained from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and the structure of 2 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti-migration activities in TGF-β1-elicited MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells at a concentration of 20?μM.     

Enantioselective catalysis of carbonyl-ene and Friedel–Crafts reactions with trifluoropyruvate by ‘naked’ palladium(II) complexes with SEGPHOS ligands

Chiral dicationic SEGPHOS–Pd(II) complex gives high chemical yield, (E)-olefin selectivity, anti-diastereoselectivity, along with high enantioselectivity even with less reactive mono- and 1,2-disubstituted olefins in this much less reactive ketone-ene reactions. The high levels of enantioselectivity not only in carbonyl-ene but also in Friedel–Crafts reactions stem from the effective shielding with diphenyl groups on phosphines caused by the narrow dihedral angle of metal complexes with SEGPHOS.     

Practical synthesis of optically active amino alcohols via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of functionalized aromatic ketones

2-Substituted acetophenones such as 2-cyano-, 2-azido-, or 2-nitroacetophenones were effectively reduced with a mixture of HCOOH/N(C(2)H(5))(3) containing a chiral Ru(II) catalyst, RuCl[(S,S)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine](p-cymene), giving the corresponding optically active alcohols, which can be converted to optically active amino alcohols with excellent ee's. Similarly, the reaction of 2-benzoylacetophenone with the same Ru catalyst gave a quantitative yield of the corresponding optically active 1,3-diol with 99% ee.     

Fabrication of densely packed titania nanosheet films on solid surface by use of Langmuir-Blodgett deposition method without amphiphilic additives

Densely packed exfoliated nanosheet films such as Ti0.91O2, Ti0.8M0.2O2 (M = Co, Ni), Ti0.6Fe0.4O2, and Ca2Nb3O10 on solid substrates were prepared by the LB transfer method without any amphiphilic additives at the air-water interface. Nanosheet crystallites covered nearly 95% on the solid surface with minimum overlapping of nanosheets. The LB transfer method of the Ti0.91O2 nanosheet monolayer film is applicable for not only hydrophilic substrates such as quartz, silicon, indium-tin oxide (ITO), and glass but also the hydrophobic Au surface. On the basis of these points, the LB transfer method has advantages compared to the alternating layer-by-layer method, which makes use of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes such as poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). Adsorption of hydrophobic Ti0.91O2 nanosheets at the air-water interface is responsible for this LB transfer deposition method. The addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide into the subphase assisted the adsorption, causing an increase in the adsorbed amount of Ti0.91O2 nanosheets at the air-water interface.     

2,9-dithia-1-thioxophosphabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-3,7-dienes. Precursors of new type heterodienes, 2-thioxo-1,2-thiaphospholes

The reaction of arylmethylenepinacolones, chalcones and 2-arylmethylene-1-tetralones with P₄S₁₀ in the presence of triethylamine gave the title compounds, from which 2-thioxo-1,2-thiaphospholes (phosphathiophenes) were generated by the thermolysis and reacted with acrylonitrile to give [4+2]cyclo-adducts.     

Synthesis in the diazasteroid group X. A synthesis of 8,12-diaza-D-homosteroid

The condensation of 1-aminoethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 1 with 1,2-cyclohexanedione 2 gave the 8,12-diaza- D -homosteroid system 3 , which was reduced with Adams' catalyst followed by acetic anhydride acetylation to afford the 8,12-diaza- D -homosteroids 4a,b .     

Simultaneous microanalysis of N-linked oligosaccharides in a glycoprotein using microbore graphitized carbon column liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

We previously reported that graphitized carbon column liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCC-LC-MS) is very useful for the structural analysis of carbohydrates in a glycoprotein. In this study, GCC-LC-MS was adapted for the simultaneous microanalysis of oligosaccharides. A variety of oligosaccharide alditols prepared from fetuin, ribonuclease B, and recombinant human erythropoietin were used as model oligosaccharides. The use of microbore GCC-LC-MS was found to be successful for rapid, sensitive, and simultaneous analysis of high-mannose-type, desialylated fucosyl complex-type, sialylated complex-type, and sialylated fucosyl complex-type oligosaccharide alditols. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this method is applicable to the analysis of carbohydrate heterogeneity in a glycoprotein that possesses diverse oligosaccharides. Microbore GCC-LC-MS was able to characterize high-mannose-type, hybrid-type, and complex-type oligosaccharides in tissue plasminogen activator produced from human melanoma cells in a single analysis.     

Clathrate hydrate formation in (methane + water + methylcyclohexanone) systems: the first phase equilibrium data

The present study experimentally demonstrated clathrate hydrate formation in the systems of (methane + water + each of the three methylcyclohexanone isomers, i.e., 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, and 4-methylcyclohexanone) and measured the first data of the quadruple (water rich liquid + hydrate + methylcyclohexanone rich liquid + methane rich vapor) equilibrium pressure and temperature conditions in these systems over the temperatures from T=273 K to T=281 K. In the three systems with methylcyclohexanone, the measured equilibrium pressure at each given temperature is ∼1.3 MPa lower than that in a structure-I hydrate forming (methane + water) system without any methylcyclohexanone, which suggests the formation of structure-H hydrates with methylcyclohexanones as large-molecule guest substances. Among the three systems, 3-methylcyclohexanone provides the highest equilibrium pressure, and 2-methylcyclohexanone, the lowest.     

Highly diastereoselective 1,4-addition of an organocuprate to methyl alpha-D-gluco-, alpha-D-manno-, or alpha-D-galactopyranosides tethering an alpha,beta-unsaturated ester. Novel asymmetric access to beta-C-substituted butanoic acids

The 1,4-addition of magnesium divinylcuprate prepared from vinylmagnesium bromide and cuprous bromide to some 4-O-crotonyl derivatives of methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside proceeds with a high level of diastereochemical induction, providing the adduct in good-to-excellent yields. Other organocuprates also serve as effective carbon nucleophiles for the 1,4-addition. Removal of the carbohydrate moiety from each adduct afforded a variety of beta-C-substituted butanoic esters in remarkable enantiomeric excess. The 1,4-addition of the same cuprate to some methyl alpha-D-manno- or alpha-D-galactopyranosidic substrates in which a crotonyl group was incorporated, each at 3-OH, was also investigated. The reverse pi-facial attack of the cuprate was observed when some D-manno-type substrates were subjected to 1,4-addition conditions similar to those used for the D-gluco-type substrates. Furthermore, some D-galacto-type substrates provided 1,4-adducts with higher diastereoselectivities.