Synthesis of possible metabolites of chlorpromazine. I. 7-hydroxy derivatives of chlorpromazine,nor1-chlorpromazine and nor2-chlorpromazine

The title compounds and various derivatives have been prepared as analytical standards for the identification of chlorpromazine metabolites in biological materials. Additional evidence is presented for the existence of a halogen-induced Smiles rearrangement in the phenothiazine series.     

New fluorophores with rod-shaped polycyano pi-conjugated structures: synthesis and photophysical properties

[reaction: see text] Novel rod-shaped polycyano-oligo(phenyleneethynylene)s were synthesized by Pd cross-coupling reaction. Polycyano groups were found to greatly improve the emission efficiency (Phi(f)) of OPEs. By the end donor modification, we achieved the creation of very intense blue light-emitting fluorophore with the SMe group (Phi(f) = 0.972, log epsilon 4.89, lambda(em) 455 nm) and very intense yellow light-emitting fluorophore with the NMe(2) group (Phi(f) = 0.999, log epsilon 4.75, lambda(em) 555 nm). Contrasting Phi(f) solvent dependency of 6 and 7 and a linear relationship between Phi(f) and sigma(p)-X over the whole region of sigma(p)-X were also found.     

Guest-dependent inversion rate of a tetranuclear single metallohelicate

Complexation of linear hexaoxime ligand H6L with Zn2+ and Mn+ (= La3+, Ba2+) afforded a tetranuclear single metallohelicate [LZn3M]n+, whose inversion rate can be modulated by the central metal Mn+.     

Recent insights into iron homeostasis and their application in graminaceous crops

Higher plants utilize various mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis. To acquire sparingly soluble iron from the rhizosphere, graminaceous plants synthesize natural iron (III) chelators known as mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs). Recent research has uncovered various genes involved in iron uptake and translocation, as well as factors regulating the expression of these genes, especially in rice. Manipulation of these molecular components is used to produce transgenic crops with enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency, or with a high seed iron content. Since iron homeostasis is closely linked to that of other mineral elements, an understanding of this phenomenon will serve as the basis for the production of crops with low concentrations of toxic metals and transgenic plants for phytoremediation.