Synthesis and polymerization of styrene monomers bearing spiroorthoester structure and volume change during crosslinking by double ring‐opening of the pendant spiroorthoesters of the obtained polymers

Novel styrene monomers bearing a five or seven‐membered spiroorthoester structure (SOE5, SOE7) were synthesized and their radical polymerizations as well as volume change during crosslinking of the obtained polymers were investigated. SOE5 and SOE7 were prepared from 4‐vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether and γ‐butyrolactone or ε‐caprolactone using boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex as a catalyst, respectively. Radical polymerizations of these monomers using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) gave the corresponding styrene‐based polymers with keeping the spiroorthoester structures unchanged. These polymers could be transformed to networked polymers by heating with a sulfonium antimonate, a thermally latent cationic polymerization initiator. Copolymerization of SOE5 or SOE7 with styrene at various compositions was carried out to efficiently obtain the corresponding copolymers, respectively. These polymers and copolymers showed little volume shrinkage or slight volume expansion during the crosslinking. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1790–1795     

Hardy Spaces Associated to Critical Herz Spaces with Variable Exponent

Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics - García-Cuerva (J Lond Math Soc (2) 39:499–513, 1989) has introduced Herz spaces associated to $${A^p}$$ and studied atomic decomposition and its...     

Fine structural analysis,formation of interfacial particle films,and accurate estimation of orientation in polyguanamine derivatives with a high refractive index

Precise analyses of the molecular arrangement of three‐dimensional crystals, two‐dimensional molecular films, and interfacial particle layers of polyguanamine derivatives with a high refractive index have been performed. The high refractive index of the polyguanamine derivatives is not due to the chemical structure of the molecule, but is based on the packing of molecular chains or the refraction of transmitted light due to the difference in electron density between the crystalline and amorphous regions. A highly crystalline polymer has been produced by polycondensation of guanamine derivatives bearing a triazine ring and phenyl rings. The packing models of molecular chains in the three‐dimensional crystal have been determined using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements and reciprocal lattice analysis. Highly hydrophobic polyguanamine derivatives undergo a transition from monolayer to single particle layer at the air/water interface. The π‐conjugated molecular plane in the two‐dimensional films is densely stacked. Multiparticle layers are formed with a highly ordered layered structure. Polymer nanoparticles are formed by the integration of units of the collapsed polymer monolayer folded along the height direction. Since this folding occurs within the amorphous region, formation of fine particles with a high refractive index and their integrated films with densely packed π‐conjugated planes is feasible. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 999–1009     

Determination of acrolein in serum by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after pre‐column fluorogenic derivatization using 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐dimethoxybenzene

Acrolein is a major unsaturated aldehyde that is generated during the lipid peroxidation process. The measurement of acrolein in biological samples should be useful to estimate the degree of lipid peroxidation and to evaluate the effect of hazardous properties of acrolein on human health. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method was developed for the determination of acrolein in human serum. The proposed method involves the pre‐column fluorogenic derivatization of acrolein with 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐dimethoxybenzene (DDB) as a reagent. The fluorescent derivative of acrolein could be detected clearly without any interfering reagent blank peaks because DDB does not have intrinsic fluorescence itself, and the detection limit was 10 nM (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3). The proposed method could selectively detect acrolein in human serum with a simple protein precipitation treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.