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991.
Kenji Yoshii Yasuhiro Yoneda Ignace Jarrige Tatsuo Fukuda Yasuo Nishihata Chikashi Suzuki Yoshiaki Ito Takahito Terashima Shinzo Yoshikado Sei Fukushima 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2014
We have studied the electronic properties of the ferroelectric barium titanate BaTiO3 using two complementary bulk-sensitive spectroscopic probes, resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the partial fluorescence mode (PFY-XAS) at the Ba-L3 and Ti-K absorption edges. Contrary to a previous study, we found no fine structure in the pre-edge area of the PFY-XAS spectrum at the Ba-L3 edge, and no temperature-induced spectral change was observed between room temperature and 150 °C. This result is not supportive of the possible presence of the displacement around Ba2+ at the Curie temperature. RXES spectra were measured at the Ti-K edge for BaTiO3, along with SrTiO3 and La-doped metallic SrTiO3. The photon energy of the emission peak is found to be nearly constant throughout the absorption edge for all three compounds. We deduce the Ti 3d states to have a delocalized character, in contrast with the Ba 5d states, a property which is consistent with the proposed scenario of the formation of electric dipoles in BaTiO3. 相似文献
992.
A semi-analytical finite element method (SAFE) has been widely used for calculating dispersion curves and mode shapes of guided waves as well as transient waves in a bar like structures. Although guided wave inspection is often conducted for water-loaded plates and pipes, most of the SAFE techniques have not been extended to a plate with leaky media. This study describes leaky Lamb wave calculation with the SAFE. We formulated a new solution using a feature that a single Lamb wave mode generates a harmonic plane wave in leaky media. Dispersion curves obtained with the SAFE agreed well with the previous theoretical studies, which represents that the SAFE calculation was conducted with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, we discussed dispersion curves, attenuation curves, and displacement distributions for total transmission modes and leaky plate modes in a single side and both two side water-loaded plate. 相似文献
993.
To improve the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio of Raman spectra, we developed a sample flow system in a vertical flow apparatus (VFA). The VFA consists of a brass plate with a drilled pinhole, cover slip on the brass plate, circulation pump, and reservoir. The sample solution flows through a gap between the brass plate and cover slip, spouts from the pinhole, and forms a laminar flow column. The sample column and surrounding air, respectively, serve as the core and cladding of an optical fiber that confines both excitation beam and scattered light owing to the total reflection at the core–cladding interface. The VFA enabled the enhancement and efficient collection of the Raman signal. The VFA with a 0.2‐mm pinhole produced a 12.0‐fold enhancement of the non‐resonant Raman signal of H2O compared to that measured using a capillary, and the S/N ratio exhibited a 4.1‐fold enhancement. The signal count was inversely proportional to the square of the pinhole diameter (φ), possibly owing to the dependence on the density of the electromagnetic energy of the excitation beam in the sample column. The S/N ratio was inversely proportional to φ because the signal enhancement was accompanied by an increase in the photon shot noise. The VFA also produced a 4.9‐fold enhancement of the resonance Raman signal of Congo red, although the enhancement factor was smaller than that in the non‐resonant Raman measurement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
Shingo Kato Kakuya Kitagawa Yeonyee E. Yoon Hiroshi Nakajima Motonori Nagata Shinichi Takase Shiro Nakamori Masaaki Ito Hajime Sakuma 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2014
Purpose
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the reproducibility for measuring the cold pressor test (CPT)-induced myocardial blood flow (MBF) alteration using phase-contrast (PC) cine MRI, and to determine if this approach could detect altered MBF response to CPT in smokers.Materials and methods
After obtaining informed consent, ten healthy male non-smokers (mean age: 28 ± 5 years) and ten age-matched male smokers (smoking duration ≥ 5 years, mean age: 28 ± 3 years) were examined in this institutional review board approved study. Breath-hold PC cine MR images of the coronary sinus were obtained with a 3 T MR imager with 32 channel coils at rest and during a CPT performed after immersing one foot in ice water. MBF was calculated as coronary sinus flow divided by the left ventricular (LV) mass which was given as a total LV myocardial volume measured on cine MRI multiplied by the specific gravity (1.05 g/mL).Results
In non-smokers, MBF was 0.86 ± 0.25 mL/min/g at rest, with a significant increase to 1.20 ± 0.36 mL/min/g seen during CPT (percentage change of MBF (?MBF (%)); 39.2% ± 14.4%, p < 0.001). Inter-study reproducibility for ?MBF (%) measurements by different MR technologist was good, as indicated by the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93 and reproducibility coefficient of 10.5%. There was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers for resting MBF (0.85 ± 0.32 mL/min/g, p = 0.91). However, ?MBF (%) in smokers was significantly reduced (-4.0 ± 32.2% vs. 39.2 ± 14.4%, p = 0.011).Conclusion
PC cine MRI can be used to reproducibly quantify MBF response to CPT and to detect impaired flow response in smokers. This MR approach may be useful for monitoring the sequential change of coronary blood flow in various potentially pathologic conditions and for investigating its relationship with cardiovascular risk. 相似文献995.
Yasuhiko Syono Atsuko Ito Setsu Morimoto 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》1981,42(6):483-486
The Mössbauer spectra of ilmenite (FeTiO3), Fe2+-doped ilmenites, MTiO3 (M = Cd, Mn, Zn, Co, Mg and Ni) and MGeO3 (M = Mn, Zn and Mg), have been studied from 4.2 K to room temperature. Systematic variations in the isomer shift and quadrupole splitting at room temperature are correlated with the change in ionic radii of the host M ions and the c/a ratio of the host crystal, respectively. The quadrupole splittings show a remarkable temperature variation; the magnetic ilmenites show either a sudden increase or a sudden decrease of quadrupole splittings below the Néel temperature, depending on the orientation of the spin axis with respect to the c axis. 相似文献
996.
997.
Yokoyama Y Fukazawa Y Ito T Sato H 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2002,58(7):1453-1460
Commercially available but completely unknown surfactants used in the tin-lead plating industry were successfully identified by using electrospray mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy techniques, preceded by liquid ionization mass spectrometry used to obtain the preliminary information. The mass spectral data suggested that ethoxylated nonionic surfactants having a homologous distribution of molecular weights like 520, 564, 608, 652, 696, etc. were present. The NMR data suggested the presence of two aromatic rings and a quaternary carbon for the hydrophobe moiety instead of the well-known alkyl chains or alkylphenols. The unknown surfactants were finally concluded to be novel nonionic 4-(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)-phenol ethoxylates. 相似文献
998.
Borylation of alkyl halides with diboron proceeded in the presence of a copper(I)/Xantphos catalyst and a stoichiometric amount of K(O-t-Bu) base. The boryl substitution proceeded with normal and secondary alkyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides, but alkyl sulfonates did not react. Menthyl halides afforded the corresponding borylation product with excellent diastereoselectivity, whereas (R)-2-bromo-5-phenylpentane gave a racemic product. Reaction with cyclopropylmethyl bromide resulted in ring-opening products, suggesting the reaction involves a radical pathway. 相似文献
999.
A total synthesis of (-)-polycavernoside A, a marine lethal toxin isolated from the edible alga Gracilaria edulis , has been achieved via a convergent approach. The synthesis is highlighted by catalytic asymmetric syntheses of the two key fragments and their union through Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Keck macrolactonization. 相似文献
1000.
Counter‐current chromatography (CCC) was investigated as a new sample pretreatment method for the determination of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water environmental samples. The experiment was performed with a non‐aqueous binary two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐heptane and acetonitrile. The CCC column was first filled with the upper stationary phase, and then a large volume of water sample was pumped into the column while the CCC column was rotated at 1600 rpm. Finally, the trace amounts of PAHs extracted and enriched in the stationary phase were eluted out by the lower mobile phase and determined by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The enrichment and cleanup of PAHs can be fulfilled online by this method with high recoveries (84.1–103.2%) and good reproducibility (RSDs: 4.9–12.2%) for 16 EPA PAHs under the optimized CCC pretreatment conditions. This method has been successfully applied to determine PAHs in lake water where 8 PAHs were detected in the concentration of 40.9–89.9 ng/L. The present method is extremely suitable for the preparation of large volume of environmental water sample for the determination of trace amounts of organic pollutants including PAHs as studied in this paper. 相似文献