Porphinato Zinc Complexes Incorporated into the Bilayer Membrane of Lipid Liposomes

3,8,13,17-Tetramethyl-7,12-divinyl-2,18-bis(18-hydroxyoctadecyl propionate) porphinato zinc (BHPZn) and a model compound, dimethyl ester of protoporphinato zinc (DMPZn), were synthesized and incorporated into the hydrophobic region of bilayer membrane of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposome. The introduction of long alkyl groups onto the porphyrin ring is effective for restriction of porphyrin aggregation in the bilayer membrane of DPPC liposome. When the molar ratio of DPPC lipid to porphyrin is above 100, the spectrum of BHPZn in the liposome suggests that it is in a typically monomeric state. Quenching of BHPZn fluorescence in the hydrophobic bilayer membrane by hydrophilic quenchers is slow and shows smaller Stern-Volmer constants, while the quenching by hydrophobic quenchers shows much larger Stern-Volmer constants than that of the model compound, DMPZn. These results suggest that the location of the porphyrin ring of BHPZn is fixed at a certain depth in the hydrophobic bilayer membrane of DPPC liposome, and that that of DMPZn is widely distributed in the whole hydrophobic region.     

All-solid-state Fluoride Ion-selective Electrode using LaF3 Single Crystal with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as Solid Contact Layer

An all-solid-state fluoride ion-selective electrode (ISE) was prepared using LaF₃ single crystal with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) as the solid contact layer. In contrast to polymer-based ISEs, crystalline membrane-based ISEs have not been used for all-solid-state device, thereby prohibiting the integration of ISEs on a chip. The all-solid-state fluoride ISE developed in this study exhibited superior sensitivity (−56.0±0.9 mV/dec) and selectivity compared to those of conventional inner filling solution ISE. The effects of PEDOT as a solid contact layer were analyzed using chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which revealed that PEDOT promoted electrode stability. The all-solid-state device can miniaturize the fluoride ISE and facilitate environmental, industrial, agricultural, and physiological monitoring.     

Trajectory of the spectral/structural rearrangements for photo-oxidative reaction of neat ketoprofen and its cyclodextrin complex

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry - Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as mohrus tape which causes unwanted photosensitivity due to UV irradiation. In...     

Influence of Groove on Metal Vapour Behavior and Arc Characteristics in TIG Welding of High Manganese Stainless Steels

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - In arc welding, a groove is often used between metal pieces being welded. In tungsten inert gas welding of high-manganese stainless steels with arc voltage...     

Counting rule of Nambu–Goldstone modes for internal and spacetime symmetries: Bogoliubov theory approach

When continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken, there appear Nambu–Goldstone modes (NGMs) with linear or quadratic dispersion relation, which is called type-I or type-II, respectively. We propose a framework to count these modes including the coefficients of the dispersion relations by applying the standard Gross–Pitaevskii–Bogoliubov theory. Our method is mainly based on (i) zero-mode solutions of the Bogoliubov equation originated from spontaneous symmetry breaking and (ii) their generalized orthogonal relations, which naturally arise from well-known Bogoliubov transformations and are referred to as “σ$\sigma$-orthogonality” in this paper. Unlike previous works, our framework is applicable without any modification to the cases where there are additional zero modes, which do not have a symmetry origin, such as quasi-NGMs, and/or where spacetime symmetry is spontaneously broken in the presence of a topological soliton or a vortex. As a by-product of the formulation, we also give a compact summary for mathematics of bosonic Bogoliubov equations and Bogoliubov transformations, which becomes a foundation for any problem of Bogoliubov quasiparticles. The general results are illustrated by various examples in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). In particular, the result on the spin-3 BECs includes new findings such as a type-I–type-II transition and an increase of the type-II dispersion coefficient caused by the presence of a linearly-independent pair of zero modes.     

Sequential SNAr Reaction/Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling/C−H Direct Arylations Approach for the Rapid Synthesis of Tetraaryl‐Substituted Pyrazoles

A rapid synthesis of 1,3,4,5‐tetraaryl‐substituted pyrazoles has been achieved through a sequence of S_NAr reaction/Suzuki–Miyaura coupling/Pd‐catalyzed direct arylations that used 3‐iodo‐1H‐pyrazole as a scaffold. Pyrazoles with four different aryl groups were synthesized in a straightforward manner with no extra synthetic steps, such as protection/deprotection or the introduction of activating/directing groups, using readily available substrates and reagents. The developed synthetic approach enabled the structurally diverse synthesis of multiaryl‐substituted pyrazoles without using a glovebox technique.     

Mass spectrometric measurements of driver gas arrival in the T4 free-piston shock-tunnel

Available test time is an important issue for ground-based flow research, particularly for impulse facilities such as shock tunnels, where test times of the order of several ms are typical. The early contamination of the test flow by the driver gas in such tunnels restricts the test time. This paper reports measurements of the driver gas arrival time in the test section of the T4 free-piston shock-tunnel over the total enthalpy range 3–17 MJ/kg, using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The results confirm measurements made by previous investigators using a choked duct driver gas detector at these conditions, and extend the range of previous mass spectrometer measurements to that of 3–20 MJ/kg. Comparisons of the contamination behaviour of various piston-driven reflected shock tunnels are also made. PACS 07.75.th; 47.40.-x