Development of a universal measure of quadrupedal forelimb-hindlimb coordination using digital motion capture and computerised analysis

Background  

Clinical spinal cord injury in domestic dogs provides a model population in which to test the efficacy of putative therapeutic interventions for human spinal cord injury. To achieve this potential a robust method of functional analysis is required so that statistical comparison of numerical data derived from treated and control animals can be achieved.     

A removable auxiliary for amidomercuration reactions: The stereoselective preparation of substituted n-acyl pyrrolidines and piperidines

Salicylamide condenses with γ,δ- or δ,-unsaturated aldehydes to give cyclic amidals which readily undergo diastereoselective mercury(II)-mediated amidocyclization. The resulting products serve as versatile intermediates for further elaboration as nitrogen heterocycles.     

Error growth in the numerical integration of periodic orbits by multistep methods, with application to reversible systems

We study the growth with time of (the coefficients of the asymptoticexpansion of) the error in the numerical integration with linearmultistep methods of periodic solutions of systems of ordinarydifferential equations. Particular attention is devoted to reversiblesystems. It turns out that symmetric linear multistep methodscannot be recommended in spite of the fact that they mimic thereversibility of the true flow. For reversible second-ordersystems, linear multistep methods without parasitic double rootsare useful.     

Biased random walks on directed trees

Summary. We define directed rooted labeled and unlabeled trees and find measures on the space of directed rooted unlabeled trees which are invariant with respect to transition probabilities corresponding to a biased random walk on a directed rooted labeled tree. We use these to calculate the speed of a biased random walk on directed rooted labeled trees. The results are mainly applied to directed trees with recurrent subtrees, where the random walker cannot escape. Received: 12 March 1997/ In revised form: 11 December 1997     

Enhancing Fullerene‐Based Solar Cell Lifetimes by Addition of a Fullerene Dumbbell

Cost‐effective, solution‐processable organic photovoltaics (OPV) present an interesting alternative to inorganic silicon‐based solar cells. However, one of the major remaining challenges of OPV devices is their lack of long‐term operational stability, especially at elevated temperatures. The synthesis of a fullerene dumbbell and its use as an additive in the active layer of a PCDTBT:PCBM‐based OPV device is reported. The addition of only 20 % of this novel fullerene not only leads to improved device efficiencies, but more importantly also to a dramatic increase in morphological stability under simulated operating conditions. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (DSIMS) and TEM are used, amongst other techniques, to elucidate the origins of the improved morphological stability.