Development of non-deterioration-type skin tissue phantom using silicone material

We developed a new type of three-layered skin tissue phantom using silicone material. This phantom maintains its optical properties in a certain period of time, typically about three months, which is much longer than about 30 min with our previous agar-type phantom. Experiments on spectral reflectance measurements and color analysis indicate the possibility of silicone-type skin tissue phantom.     

Nonabelian dark matter with resonant annihilation

Journal of High Energy Physics - This paper shows that the positive-energy and non-renormalization theorems of traditional supersymmetry survive the addition of Lorentz violating interactions. The...     

Novel sequential sigmatropic rearrangements of allylic diols: application to the total synthesis of (-)-kainic acid

Sequential sigmatropic rearrangements (Claisen/Claisen and Claisen/Overman) of enantiopure allylic diols are described. The reactions proceeded in complete diastereoselectivity without protecting group manipulations. The sequential Claisen/Overman rearrangement was successfully applied to the total synthesis of (-)-kainic acid.     

New sign of vacuum ultraviolet driven crystal growth in ternary oxide Zn 3 V 2 O 8 films

Ternary oxide Zn₃V₂O₈ films was successfully formed on glass substrates only by means of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation to the spin-coated metal–organic solutions. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements, we confirmed that the crystal growth proceeded at metal–organic bond cleavage under VUV irradiation. The crystalline size of the obtained materials was estimated to be 1.5–2.5 nm. The prepared Zn₃V₂O₈ films clearly showed yellow luminescence, corresponding to a charge transfer transition in the VO₄ tetrahedra.     

Discretization of distributions in the maximum domain of attraction

In this paper we discuss the discretization of distributions belonging to some max-domain of attraction. Given a random variable X its discretization is defined as the minimal integer not less than X. Our first interest is on distributions that preserve the max-domain property after discretization. Secondly, we characterize the distributions which are regarded as the discretization of the distribution in the Gumbel max-domain of attraction. Lastly the correspondence of distribution in Gumbel max-domain of attraction is investigated.     

Reactivity of Carbenes and Related Compounds towards Molecular Nitrogen

The thermal N₂ exchange of a number of ¹⁵N-labelled diazo compounds was studied in solution. The compounds involved were 3-diazo-1-methylindolin-2-one ( 1 ), 9-diazofluorene ( 2 ), 5-diazo-1,3-cyclopentadiene-1,2,3,4-tetracarbonitrile ( 3 ), 2-diazo-2H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile ( 4 ), 4-diazocyclohexa-2,5-dienone ( 5 ), and the conjugate acids of 4 and 5 , namely 4,5-dicyano-1H-imidazole-2-diazonium ion ( 6 ) and 4-hydroxybenzenediazonium ion ( 7 ). Only 1 , 4 , 6 , and 7 exchange their diazo group with ‘external’ molecular N₂. The results are explained on the hypothesis that only organic species which have an empty σ orbital and which are effective in π electron back-donation are able to react with N₂. Thus, reaction with carbenes is likely to occur only if the carbene is in the ¹A₂ singlet state and if its electrophilicity is high.     

A direct method for the separation and quantification of bile acid acyl glycosides by high-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scattering detector

A direct method for the separation and quantification of a series of bile acid acyl glycosides using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) is described. Complete separation of each of 15 bile acid acyl 24-alpha-glucosides and their 24-beta-anomers and 24-beta-galactosides was achieved by the stepwise gradient elution mode on a C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile-methanol (8:2, v/v) and 1% aqueous acetic acid as the mobile phase. 24-beta-Galactosides were always eluted faster than the corresponding 24-beta-glucosides, which eluted after the corresponding 24-alpha-anomers. Calibration curves of different 24-beta-galactosides were linear over a range of 0.2-40 nmol of injected amount and the detection limits (S/N > 3) were from 0.08 to 0.1 nmol. The present HPLC-ELSD method may provide an insight into the separation and quantification of the biologically interesting neutral bile acids.     

Fabrication of silver patterns on polyimide films based on solid-phase electrochemical constructive lithography using ion-exchangeable precursor layers

We report a fully additive-based electrochemical approach to the site-selective deposition of silver on a polyimide substrate. Using a cathode coated with ion-doped precursor polyimide layers, patterns of metal masks used as anodes were successfully reproduced at the cathode-precursor interface through electrochemical and ion-exchange reactions, which resulted in the generation of silver patterns on the polyimide films after subsequent annealing and removal from the substrate. Excellent interfacial adhesion was achieved through metal nanostructures consisting of interconnecting silver nanoparticles at the metal-polymer interface, which are electrochemically grown "in" the precursor layer. This approach is a resist- and etch-free process and thus provides an effective methodology toward lower-cost and high-throughput microfabrication.