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61.
The compounds M(CO)5 · THF (M = Cr, Mo, W) react with sodium mercaptide, NaSR (R = C6F5, C6H5, C2H5), to give the mercapto-pentacarbonylmetallate anions [M(CO)5 · · SR]?. The preparation of some pentafluorophenylthio complexes, e. g. [(C6H5)3P]2MSC6F5(M = Cu, Ag, Au), [(C6H5)3P]2Hg(SC6F5)2, is reported. 相似文献
62.
Solutions of atropinium 5-nitrobarbiturate in n-octanol and atropinium picrolonate in p-nitrotoluene are used as novel liquid ion-exchangers in electrodes that respond to the atropine cation. The performance characteristics of the two electrodes are almost identical: the response is linear for 10(-5)-10(-2)M atropine with a slope of 56.5 +/- 1 mV/concentration decade. The static response times are 30-90 sec and the potential readings are stable over the pH range 3-8. There is negligible interference from a number of inorganic and organic cations, and some common excipients. In the direct determination of 1-200 mug/ml of atropine, the average recovery with both electrodes is 98% (mean standard deviation 1.7%). Atropine has been determined in some pharmaceutical preparations with an average recovery of 98% (standard deviation 1.9%), the results being in agreement with those obtained by standard methods. 相似文献
63.
Phase behavior and nano-emulsion formation by the phase inversion temperature method 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Izquierdo P Esquena J Tadros TF Dederen JC Feng J Garcia-Celma MJ Azemar N Solans C 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(16):6594-6598
Formation of oil-in-water nano-emulsions has been studied in the water/C12E4/isohexadecane system by the phase inversion temperature emulsification method. Emulsification started at the corresponding hydrophilic-lipophilic balance temperature, and then the samples were quickly cooled to 25 degrees C. The influence of phase behavior on nano-emulsion droplet size and stability has been studied. Droplet size was determined by dynamic light scattering, and nano-emulsion stability was assessed, measuring the variation of droplet size as a function of time. The results obtained showed that the smallest droplet sizes were produced in samples where the emulsification started in a bicontinuous microemulsion (D) phase region or in a two-phase region consisting of a microemulsion (D) and a liquid crystalline phase (L(alpha)). Although the breakdown process of nano-emulsions could be attributed to the oil transference from the smaller to the bigger droplets, the increase in instability found with the increase in surfactant concentration may be related to the higher surfactant excess, favoring the oil micellar transport between the emulsion droplets. 相似文献
64.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - The objective of this article is to determine the yield and chemical composition of the biomass ofSpirulina maxima cultures incubated in different... 相似文献
65.
Surface pressure-area isotherms have been determined for both a pure lecithin (L, -dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline) and an impure lecithin (soya bean lecithin) at the water/air and water/oil interfaces. Equations of state have been applied and an equation of Gaines was found to be particularly successful in describing the isotherms. Mixed monolayers with an ABA nonionic block copolymer surfactant (A is poly(12-hydroxystearic) acid and B is poly(ethylene oxide)) were also investigated. The additivity rule was obeyed only at high surface pressures; inefficient packing was observed at low surface pressures. The polymer may promote a horizontal headgroup orientation in the lecithin, which gives rise to this effect. The presence of electrolyte up to very high concentrations in the aqueous phase (8.75 mol dm–3 NH4NO3) was shown to expand the lecithin monolayer.Glossary of symbols W/A
Water-air interface
- W/O
Water-oil interface
- E/A
Electrolyte-air interface
- L-C
Liquid-condensed
-
A
c
Area per molecule obtained by conventional extrapolation of the -A isotherm at close-packing
-
A
e
Experimentally determined area per molecule
-
A
t
Theoretically predicted area per molecule
-
A
v
Area per molecule obtained by vertical extrapolation of the -A isotherm at close-packing
-
A
0
Head group area term
-
f
i
Activity coefficient of water in surface region
-
i
Constant
-
x
i
Mol fraction of componenti
-
Z
Compressibility factor=A/kT
-
Interfacial tension
-
Surface pressure
- i
Partial molar area of component i 相似文献
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