The study of electron beam flue gas treatment for coal-fired thermal plant in Japan

The fundamental research work with simulated coal-fired flue gas was performed in JAERI to get basic data for electron beam treatment of flue gas from thermal power plants in Japan. The standard condition of the experiments was set to be the same as that of next large scale pilot test in Nagoya. The concentrations of NO_x and SO_x were 225 ppm and 800 ppm, respectively. The temperature of the system was 65°C. The effect of multiple irradiation was observed for NO_x removal. The target SO_x and NO_x removals (94% and 80%, respectively) with low NH₃ leakage (less than 10 ppm) were achieved at 9 kGy irradiation with 0.9 NH₃ stoichiometry during 7 hours continuous operation. The facility for the pilot plant (12,000 Nm³/hr) has just built at the site of Shin-Nagoya power plant of Chubu Electric Power Company and will be started in full operation in November 1992.     

Modified normal pulse polarography of alkali-metal ions in acid solution

Well-defined polarograms of five alkali-metal ions in 0.01M hydrochloric acid were obtained by means of modified normal pulse polarography. The method uses the procedure of anodic stripping chronoamperometry during the life-time of a drop from a dropping mercury electrode, namely preparation of electrode, accumulating step and anodic stripping step of a metal. The instantaneous polarographic currents were sampled only once per mercury drop after the fall of each pulse. The wave heights for alkali-metal ions by the present method are free from the interference caused by 0.01M hydrochloric acid. The present method is applicable to monitoring of alkali-metal ions in fluid acid streams.     

Optical resolution by preferential crystallization of (1RS,3RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-isoquinolinecarboxylic acid

The racemic structure of (1RS,3RS)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-3-isoquinolinecarboxylic acid [(1RS,3RS)-1] was examined based on the melting point, solubility, and IR spectrum, with the aim of optical resolution by preferential crystallization. (1RS,3RS)-1 was indicated from these results to exist as a conglomerate. The successive optical resolution by preferential crystallization of (1RS,3RS)-1 yielded (1S,3S)- and (1R,3R)-1 with optical purities of 85--95% at 66--81% degrees of resolution, which were fully purified by recrystallization.     

Hydrogen analysis in solid samples by utilizing He metastable atoms induced by TEA CO2 laser plasma in He gas at 1 atm

A TEA CO₂ laser (350 mJ–1.5 J, 10.6 μm, 200 ns, 10 Hz) was focused onto a metal sub-target under He as host gas at 1 atmospheric pressure with a small amount of impurity gas, such as water and ethanol vapors. It was found that the TEA CO₂ laser with the help of the metal sub-target is favorable for generating a strong, large volume helium gas breakdown plasma at 1 atmospheric pressure, in which the helium metastable-excited state was then produced overwhelmingly. While the metal sub-target itself was never ablated. The helium metastable-excited state produced after the strong helium gas breakdown plasma was considered to play an important role in exciting the atoms. This was confirmed by the specific characteristics of the detected H emission, namely the strong intensity with low background, narrow spectral width, and the long lifetime. This technique can be used for gas and solid samples analysis. For nonmetal solid analysis, a metal mesh was introduced in front of the nonmetal sample surface to help initiation of the helium gas breakdown plasma. For metal sample, analysis can be carried out by combining the TEA CO₂ laser and an Nd–YAG laser where the Nd–YAG laser is used to ablate the metal sample. The ablated atoms from the metal sample are then sent into the region of helium gas breakdown plasma induced by the TEA CO₂ laser to be excited through the helium metastable-excited state. This technique can be extended to the analysis of other elements, not limited only to hydrogen, such as halogens.     

High-performance liquid chromatography of apolipoproteins in serum high-density lipoproteins

A simple and rapid method for apolipoprotein analysis in serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as eluent. In contrast to the use of urea solution as an eluent, apolipoproteins can be analysed by applying an incubation mixture of HDL and the eluent buffer. A TSK-GEL column of G3000SW was found to be more profitable than G2000SW or G4000SW for analysis of HDL apolipoproteins. Elution patterns monitored by absorbance at 280 nm using a G3000SW column can give precise quantitative as well as qualitative information about apolipoproteins of molecular weight between 10(4) and 10(5). HPLC patterns of HDL apolipoproteins were compared between individual human subjects with various diseases. Elution profiles for lipid components in an incubation mixture were also examined.     

Regioselective allylzincation of alkenylboronate

[reaction: see text] Boryl substitution on an olefin activates the olefinic double bond toward addition of an organozinc reagent. Addition of an allylic zinc reagent to an alkenylboronate thus takes place smoothly to afford a variety of gem-zincio/boryl species. Theoretical studies with density functional calculations on the reaction pathway revealed that the reaction proceeds via a zincio-ene reaction rather than a bora-Claisen rearrangement.     

Gas chromatography of hydrocarbons using packed liquid chromatographic capillary columns

Capillary columns of 0.3-0.5 mm i.d. packed with 3- to 30-μm silica-based stationary phases for liquid chromatography were used for gas chromatographic separation of hydrocarbons. Column efficiencies were evaluated for various commercially available packing material. The best column efficiency was achieved with 5-μm octadecyl group bonded silica gel, the surface of which was coated with a poly (dimethylsiloxane) film. The 30-cm column produced 11,000 theoretical plates.     

High frequency titrations involving chelation with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid. II. quantitative determination of some divalent metals

The high frequency oscillator provides an excellent means of detecting the end-points of titrations performed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or its salts. The determination of various divalent metals is reported, based on both direct and indirect titrations. Because of the great sensitivity of the method it is possible to determine cobalt, nickel, copper (II), zinc, cadmium, lead and manganese (II) in concentration ranges of 1/1000 to 1/6000M.     

THE CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS AND PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF RETINOCHROME ANALOGS WITH POLYENALS

Abstract— 3, 7-Dimethyl-2, 4, 6, 8, 10-dodecapentaenal was synthesized for reconstitution of the retinochrome analog. Its opsin shift was 1000 cm ¹ smaller than that of native retinochrome, whose chromophore contains the same number of double bonds. The conformational change from 6-s-trans to 6-s-cis , as figured in a retinal molecule, plays an important role in the formation of the retinochrome analog, based on the estimation of opsin shifts for retinal analogs locked in the 6-s conformation. Thus the conformation of the 6–7 single bond in the native retinochrome was suggested to be 6 -cis . Analysis of the circular dichroic spectra of retinochrome analogs revealed that the 6-s conformation is independent of the appearance of the β-band. The stereoselectivity in the photoisomerization of the retinal analogs by a retinochrome template depends on the hydrophobic binding in the region of the β-ionone ring.     

17O NMR chemical shifts versus structure relationships in oxiranes

Natural-abundance ¹⁷O NMR spectra have been measured for twenty one oxiranes. Their chemical shifts covering a 100 ppm range were interpreted in terms of the paramagnetic β- and diamagnetic γ-effects. In addition, through-space orbital interaction between the ethylenic π and the Walsh orbitals of the oxirane ring was suggested by a lowfield shift in norbornadiene $\text{exo}$-oxide.