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101.
Strain hardening of polycarbonate in the glassy state: Influence of temperature and molecular weight
L. E. Govaert T. A. Tervoort 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(11):2041-2049
This study is concerned with the temperature and molecular weight dependence of the strain-hardening behavior of polycarbonate. It is shown that the strain-hardening modulus reduces with increasing temperature and decreasing molecular weight. This result is interpreted in terms of temperature accelerated relaxation of the entanglement network. Moreover, it is shown that frozen-in orientations, induced by homogeneous deformations above the glass transition temperature, lead to anisotropic yield behavior that can be fully rationalized (and modelled) in terms of a superimposed stress contribution of the prestrained network. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2041–2049, 2004 相似文献
102.
Yusong Wu Toshihiro Seo Shiro Maeda Takashi Sasaki Satoshi Irie Kensuke Sakurai 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(22):4107-4115
Two benzoyl substituted chitosan derivatives, 3,6‐O‐dibenzoylchitosan (DBC) and 2‐N‐3,6‐O‐tribenzoylchitosan (TBC), were prepared, and their optical activities in organic solvent were investigated by circular dichroism (CD). For TBC, two splitting bands (a negative one at 288 nm and a positive one at 274 nm) corresponding to the 1Lb transition of the benzoyl group were observed in chloroform and dichloromethane, while only a negative CD band was recorded in N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). These results indicated that the transition moments of benzoyl groups were orderly arranged along the helical polymer chain when TBC was dissolved in a solvent with low polarity, but the same ordered structure did not appear in a polar solvent of DMF. For DBC, only negative CD signals corresponding to the 1Lb transition of the benzoyl group were observed, regardless of the solvent property, which indicated that the chromophores were not arranged in an ordered fashion with appropriate geometry to interact with one another to induce bi‐signate CD signals. Adding methanol or DMF to the solution of TBC/chloroform resulted in a progressive decrease of the intensity of the positive split band at 274 nm. The intensity of the positive band was weakened upon heating a solution of TBC/chloroform from 20 to 60 °C. The results suggested that the ordered arrangement of the chromophores in the TBC system was dependent on solvent and sensitive to temperature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4107–4115, 2004 相似文献
103.
Hiroaki Miyagawa Michael J. Rich Lawrence T. Drzal 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(23):4391-4400
The thermophysical and mechanical properties of a nanocomposite material composed of amine‐cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) reinforced with organomontmorillonite clay are reported. The storage modulus at 100 °C, which was above the glass‐transition temperature (Tg), increased approximately 350% with the addition of 10 wt % (6.0 vol %) of clay. Below the Tg, the storage modulus at 30 °C increased 50% relative to the value of unfilled epoxy. It was determined that the Tg linearly increased as a function of clay volume percent. The tensile modulus of epoxy at room temperature increased approximately 50% with the addition of 10 wt % of clay. The reinforcing effect of the organoclay nanoplatelets is discussed with respect to the Tandon–Weng and Halpin–Tsai models. A pseudoinclusion model is proposed to describe the behavior of randomly oriented, uniformly dispersed platelets in nanocomposite materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4391–4400, 2004 相似文献
104.
Oscillation is found in many biological systems, and among them the enzymatic oscillatory reaction has been well studied using an enzyme solution. We show in this study for the first time that oscillation occurs when catalase is immobilized to controlled pore glass (CPG). The oscillatory wave mode changes with the distance among the CPG, electrode, or dialysis membrane. The lower substrate concentration results in oscillation with a longer period. This tendency agrees with a previous study using an enzyme solution. Furthermore, we show that the oscillation occurs when no dialysis membrane is used. These results show the wider applicability of the system to analysis or novel device fabrication. 相似文献
105.
Takayuki Nakai Yoshiko Murakami Yoshiaki Sasaki Isamu Fujiwara Shoji Tagashira 《Analytical sciences》2004,20(1):235-237
The extraction and separation of copper(II), zinc(II), cobalt(II), and cadmium(II) were investigated. Both copper(II) and zinc(II) formed ammine-complexes, while cadmium(II) and cobalt(II) formed hydroxide precipitates in an ammonia medium. By the addition of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), a copper(II) complex formed an ion-pair (copper-ammine-DS), which was extracted into the SDS phase. However, a zinc(II) complex did not form an ion-pair, and was soluble in water. Copper(II) ion was recovered by stripping (back-extraction) after the addition of hydrochloric acid. This method was applied to the separation of copper(II) in a brass alloy. 相似文献
106.
Raviraj M Kulkarni Dinesh C Bilehal Sharanappa T Nandibewoor 《Analytical sciences》2004,20(4):743-747
The kinetics of oxidation of isoniazid in acidic medium was studied spectrophotometrically. The reaction between QDC and isoniazid in acid medium exhibits (4:1) stoichiometry (QDC:isoniazid). The reaction showed first order kinetics in quinolinium dichromate (QDC) concentration and an order of less than unity in isoniazid (INH) and acid concentrations. The oxidation reaction proceeds via a protonated QDC species, which forms a complex with isoniazid. The latter decomposes in a slow step to give a free radical derived from isoniazid and an intermediate chromium(V), which is followed, by subsequent fast steps to give the products. The reaction constants involved in the mechanism are evaluated. Isoniazid was analyzed by kinetic methods in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. 相似文献
107.
Abbas Shockravi Samad Bavili T Esmael Rostami Ali Yousefi Ali Dehjurian Rahim Tohidi 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2004,49(1-2):163-166
Some new dibenzosulfo, dibenzosulfoxo macrocyclic diamides are synthesized. 相似文献
108.
K. Sakurai Y. Kondo K. Miyazaki T. Okamoto S. Irie T. Sasaki 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(13):2595-2603
Aiming to develop a high‐performance fiber‐reinforced rubber from styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), we applied a special technique using electron‐beam (EB)‐irradiation‐induced graft polymerization to ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. The molecular interaction between the grafted UHMWPE fibers and an SBR matrix was studied through the evaluation of the adhesive behavior of the fibers in the SBR matrix. Although UHMWPE was chemically inert, two monomers, styrene and N‐vinyl formamide (NVF), were examined for graft polymerization onto the UHMWPE fiber surface. Styrene was not effective, but NVF was graft‐polymerized onto the UHMWPE fibers with this special method. A methanol/water mixture and dioxane were used as solvents for NVF, and the effects of the solvents on the grafting percentage of NVF were also examined. The methanol/water mixture was more effective. A grafting percentage of 16.4% was the highest obtained. This improved the adhesive force threefold with respect to that of untreated UHMWPE fibers. These results demonstrated that EB irradiation enabled graft polymerization to occur even on the inert surface of UHMWPE fibers. However, the mechanical properties of the fibers could be compromised according to the dose of EB irradiation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2595–2603, 2004 相似文献
109.
A polymer-supported diphenylphosphoryl azide was prepared. This polymer-supported version of DPPA is useful due to its lower toxicity, moisture tolerance and ease of workup after reaction. The synthetic application of this solid-phase reagent was explored by conversion of a variety of carboxylic acids to urethanes and ureas through Curtius rearrangement reactions. Carboxylic acids bearing different functional groups (aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic carboxylic acids) were subjected to the reaction. The corresponding products were isolated with satisfactory yields. 相似文献
110.
Matveeva E. D. Podrugina T. A. Grishin Yu. K. Tkachev V. V. Zhdankin V. V. Aldoshin S. M. Zefirov N. S. 《Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry》2003,39(4):536-541
A mixed phosphonium-iodonium ylide, phenyliodoniumethoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane borofluoride, was synthesized. Its structure was established by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. Temperature dependence of 1H, 13C, and 31P spectra of the ylide synthesized was investigated. A dynamic equilibrium between Z and E-isomers was observed. 相似文献