Mueller matrix polarimetry for improved liver fibrosis diagnosis

An experimental Mueller matrix polarimeter is used to quantify human liver fibrosis by measuring retardance and depolarization of thin biopsies. The former parameter is sensitive to fibrillar collagen, the latter is specifically sensitive to fibrillar collagen around blood vessels, which is not significant for liver fibrosis diagnosis. By using depolarization like a filter, retardance distribution enables distinguishing between disease stages and limits the high degree of observer discrepancy.     

Ground state of the quasi-1D correlated electronic system BaVS3

In this paper we review the salient features of the different instabilities exhibited by the quasi-1D system BaVS₃ and show that there is a subtle interplay between the different phases stabilized. The analysis of the Peierls instability shows that the mobile dz² electrons are more localized than calculated because of their strong correlation with the localized e(t_2g) electrons. The complex AF magnetic structure of BaVS₃ incorporates the magnetization of the e(t_2g) electrons with the Peierls pairing of the dz² electrons into magnetic singlets. Finally, we propose that the zig-zag disorder remaining after an incomplete orthorhombic phase transition could change the sign of the magnetic coupling and thus help to stabilize the canted ferromagnetism observed in non stoichiometric BaVS_3−δ and Sr and Ba substituted compounds.     

Synthesis of 5-aza-analogues of angucyclines: manipulation of the 2-deoxy-C-glycoside subunit

Based on a heterocyclic Diels-Alder strategy, a concise synthesis of 5-aza-analogues of angucyclines bearing a 2-deoxy-C-glycoside subunit is reported. Starting from a common intermediate, a peracetylated D-2-deoxyglucose could be linked to carbons C9 or C10 of the tetracyclic framework. Further manipulations of the sugar residue allowed the installation of bromo and azido substituents at carbon C6′.     

“Big match” with lack of information on one side (Part II)

This is the second paper on a class of stochastic games with incomplete information. As inSorin [1984] we prove the existence of the asymptotic value (limv _n ) of the maxim and of the minmax although the infinite value may not exist. Nevertheless the results and the tools used are rather different from the previous case.     

Reflection measurements in CO2 laser solid deuterium target interaction

Using a 60 nsec, 300 MW CO₂ TEA laser reflection measurements from solid deuterium targets have been investigated. Energy, reflected and scattered pulse shape are recorded at various angles: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°. Reflection, X-ray measurements and ion mean kinetic energy are correlated at the focussing lens position with respect to the target position. The maximum plasma temperature varies from 20 to 35 eV for incident laser fluxes ranging from 5 × 10¹⁰ up to 5 × 10¹¹ W/cm². The cut-off density inside the deuterium ice has been observed and located. In each case reflection has been found to be weak less than 5% for each direction. For the maximum fluxes X-ray energies greater than 0.5 keV have been observed.     

A novel phosphorus-carbon bond formation by ring opening with diethyl phosphite of oxazolines derived from serine

A new reaction of oxazolines derived from serine with diethyl phosphite leading to ring opening products with P-C bond formation is reported. This reaction, which proceeds under neutral conditions and without the use of any halogenated intermediate, results in a mixture of racemic α- and β-phosphono alanines in an approximate 1:2 ratio, with isolated yields up to 77%. The mechanism involves the rearrangement of the oxazoline into the corresponding α-benzamido acrylate, followed by addition of the diethyl phosphite to the double bond. Since no significant transesterification is observed, this method constitutes a simple route for α- and β-phosphono amino acids bearing suitable protecting groups.     

Synthesis of novel benzo[h] [1,6]naphthyridines via a rearrangement of hexahydro‐5H‐pyrrolo [2,1 ‐c] [1,4]benzodiazepines

Heating of hexahydro‐5H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine‐2,5,11‐trione in boiling phosphoryl chloride led to a rearranged product like 3,5‐dichlorobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine. This structure was established from X‐ray diffraction analysis.