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91.
An acoustic backscattering technique for the detection of transient cavitation produced by microsecond pulses of ultrasound 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R A Roy S I Madanshetty R E Apfel 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》1990,87(6):2451-2458
An acoustic backscattering technique for detecting transient cavitation produced by 10-microseconds-long pulses of 757-kHz ultrasound is described. The system employs 10-microseconds-long, 30-MHz center frequency tone bursts that scatter from cavitation microbubbles. Experiments were performed with suspensions of hydrophobic polystyrene spheres in ultraclean water. Transient cavitation threshold pressures measured with the active cavitation detector (ACD) were always less than or equal to those measured using a passive acoustic detection scheme. The measured cavitation thresholds decreased with increasing dissolved gas content and increasing suspended particle concentration. Results also show that ultrasonic irradiation of the polystyrene sphere suspensions by the ACD lowered the threshold pressure measured with the passive detector. A possible mechanism through which suspensions of hydrophobic particles might nucleate bubbles is presented. 相似文献
92.
The molecular charge-transfer absorption bands have been observed in solution of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (chloranil) in chloroform and cyclohexanone. The stability constant, the thermodynamic parameter of the complex
and the extinction co-efficient of CT bands at 350 nm in chloroform and 360 nm in cylohexanone have been estimated on the
assumption of the 1:1 complex formation. Detection of ESR signal of the solution of chloranil in pure DMSO (g ≈ 2) indicates the formation of chloranil radical anion, the precursor being the charge-transfer complex, which dissociates
partly in high dielectric constant DMSO. 相似文献
93.
We deduce the Lax pair for a new space-dependent KdV equation,
, via the technique of Painlevé analysis. From it, infinitely many conservation laws are deduced and the symplectic structure is obtained. 相似文献
94.
95.
Mandira Sinha H. Majumdar P. Basu Subinit Roy R. Bhattacharya M. Biswas M. K. Pradhan R. Palit I. Mazumdar S. Kailas 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2010,44(3):403-410
Fusion excitation functions are measured for the system 6Li + 28Si using the characteristic $ \gamma$ -ray method, encompassing both the sub-barrier and above-barrier regions, viz, E lab = 7-24 MeV. Two separate experiments were performed, one for the above-barrier region ( E lab = 11-24 MeV) and another for the below-barrier region ( E lab = 7-10 MeV). The results were compared with our previously measured fusion cross-section for the 7Li + 28Si system. We observed the enhancement of the fusion cross-section at sub-barrier regions for both 6Li and 7Li , but the yield was substantially larger for 6Li . However, for well-above-barrier regions, a similar type of suppression was identified for both the systems. 相似文献
96.
Growth of Ag islands under ultrahigh vacuum condition on air-exposed Si(0 0 1)-(2 × 1) surfaces has been investigated by in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). A thin oxide is formed on Si via exposure of the clean Si(0 0 1)-(2 × 1) surface to air. Deposition of Ag on this oxidized surface was carried out at different substrate temperatures. Deposition at room temperature leads to the growth of randomly oriented Ag islands while well-oriented Ag islands, with (0 0 1)Ag||(0 0 1)Si, [1 1 0]Ag||[1 1 0]Si, have been found to grow at substrate temperatures of ≥350 °C in spite of the presence of the oxide layer between Ag islands and Si. The RHEED patterns show similarities with the case of Ag deposition on H-passivated Si(0 0 1) surfaces. 相似文献
97.
J.-F. Daigle O. Kosareva N. Panov M. Bégin F. Lessard C. Marceau Y. Kamali G. Roy V. P. Kandidov S. L. Chin 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2009,94(2):249-257
A simple method to produce longer filaments with higher ionization density in air by controlling the diameter of an aperture
in the laser beam path is studied via an analysis of the backscattered N2 fluorescence collected by LIDAR. Significant increase in the fluorescence signal (approximately by a factor of five depending
on the conditions) and an increased filament length was observed at an optimum diameter. 3D + time stochastic numerical simulations
have shown that the optimum aperture size corresponds to the case of multiple filament ‘squeezing’ around the propagation
axis forming the regularized elongated structure with higher overall amount of plasma. The optimum range of aperture sizes
is the same for the initial transverse perturbation scale variation at least within a factor of three. 相似文献
98.
An isothermal equation of state (EOS) for solids, recently suggested by the authors in the realistic form, V/V0=f(P), with relative volume as the dependent and the pressure as the independent variable, was shown to have an advantage for some close-packed materials in that it allows B′∞=(∂Bs/∂P)s(P→∞) to be fitted, and this is where the usual standard equations fail. In the present study, our EOS is applied to a number of inorganic as well as organic solids, including alloys, glasses, rubbers and plastics; varying widely in their bonding and structural characteristics, as well as in their bulk modulus values. A very good agreement is observed between the data and fits. The results obtained are compared with those from two well-known equations, expressible in the realistic form, proposed by Murnaghan and Luban. Further, the results are also compared with those from the widely used two- and three-parameter EOSs, expressible in the unrealistic form only, P=f(V/V0), proposed by Birch—and also with those from the EOS model of Keane in which B′∞ is explicitly expressed as an equation of state parameter. The results obtained from our model compare well to these EOSs. Our EOS, in general, yields the smallest mean-squared deviations between data and fits. The values of B′∞calculated from our EOS are compared with those from Keane's model. Further, we have studied the variation of B′∞with temperature using the experimental isotherms of Mo and W at 10 different temperatures ranging from 100 to 1000 K, and observed that the values of B′∞ yielded by our model and that of Keane vary, as expected, within a narrow range. Furthermore, our EOS is applied to study the stability of the fit parameters with variation in the pressure ranges with reference to the isothermal compression data on Mo and W—and also to study the variation of isothermal bulk modulus with pressure, with reference to the ultrasonic data on NaCl and noted a very good agreement with experiment. In addition, our model is applied, with B0 and B′0 constrained to the theoretical values, to the five theoretical isotherms of MgO at 300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 K obtained on the basis of a first principles approach—a good agreement is observed with the predictions, and the values of B′∞ inferred at different temperatures tend to converge to a constant value. 相似文献
99.
M. Roy Indu Bala S.K. Barbar S. Jangid P. Dave 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2011,72(11):1347-1353
Polycrystalline ceramic samples of Bi4−xLaxTi3O12 (x=0.0, 0.5 and 1) and Bi3.5La0.5Ti3−yNbyO12 (y=0.02 and 0.04) have been synthesized by standard high temperature solid state reaction method using high purity oxides and carbonates. The effect of lanthanum doping on Bi-site and Nb doping on Ti-site on the structural and electrical properties of Bi4Ti3O12 powders was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dc conductivity and dielectric studies. A better agreement between the observed and calculated X-ray diffraction pattern was obtained by performing the Rietveld refinement with a structural model using the non-centrosymmetric space group Fmmm in all the cases. A better agreement between observed and calculated d-values also shows that the lattice parameters calculated using the Rietveld refinement analysis are better. The increase in lanthanum and niobium contents does not lead to any secondary phases. It is found that La3+ doping reduces the material grain size and changes its morphology from the plate-like form to a spherical staking like form. The substitution of Nb for Ti ions affected the degree of disorder and modified the dielectric properties leading to more resistive ceramic compounds. The shape and size of the grains are strongly influenced by the addition of niobium to the system. The activation energies of all the compounds were calculated by measuring their dc electrical conductivities. The frequency and temperature dependent dielectric behavior of all the compounds have also been studied and the results are discussed in detail. The substitution of La and Nb on the Bi and Ti sites decreased the Tc and improved the dielectric and ferroelectric behavior. 相似文献
100.