An ionic liquid-mediated expeditious route to the syntheses of diaryl sulfoxides

A fast and efficient protocol is proposed for the synthesis of diaryl sulfoxides in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate, [bmim]Cl·AlCl₃, N=0.67, by employing arenes and thionyl chloride. The ionic liquid plays a dual role of Lewis acid catalyst and solvent, under ambient conditions, offering good yields of the product. The influence of the Lewis acidity of the ionic liquid on the extent of conversion is studied.     

Comparative Adsorption of Crystal Violet and Congo Red onto ZnCl2 Activated Carbon

In this study, the adsorption characteristics of crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes from the aqueous solution onto prepared activated carbon were examined. The activated carbon was prepared from wood apple shell by chemical activation with ZnCl₂. The parameters studied were the effect of contact time, initial dyes concentration, and pH of solution. The experimental equilibrium data were analyzed and fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of CV and CR dyes were found to be 142.85 and 83.33 mg per gram of prepared activated carbon at 298 K. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models. Batch adsorption kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of dyes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and at four different concentrations of both dyes, indicating that chemisorption is the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic studies reveal that the removal of dyes from aqueous solution onto activated carbon was a spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic process at a temperature greater than standard equilibrium temperature.     

Pharmacognostical specification and validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the estimation of quercetin in Phoenix sylvestris root

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The present study was aimed to assess the scientific appraisal of Phoenix sylvestris in the course of pharmacognostical properties...     

Alum： An efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of α-aminophosphonates

Alum (KAl(SO ₄) ₂·12H ₂O) is an inexpensive, efficient, non-toxic and mild catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of α-aminophosphonates.A three component reaction of an aldehyde/ketone, an amine and triethyl phosphite was carried out under solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding a-aminophosphonates in short reaction times and high yields with the green aspects by avoiding toxic catalysts and solvents.     

Phosphonium Ionic Liquid–Catalyzed Michael Addition of Mercaptans to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

A clean and efficient Michael addition reaction on chalcones using phosphonium ionic liquid catalyst (PhosIL-Cl) is described. The method provides several advantages, such as simple workup, environmental friendliness, mild conditions, and excellent yields. In addition, the ionic liquid was chosen as a green solvent, recovered, and reused several times in subsequent reactions.