Mild conditions for Pd-catalyzed conversion of aryl bromides to primary anilines using benzophenone imine

Mild (30 °C) and efficient (53-91%) conversion of aryl bromides to primary anilines using a Pd-catalyzed amination strategy is described. A detailed account of the ligand optimization, base and solvent selection, and general substrate scope of this methodology is described herein.     

Group-theoretic approach to the conservation laws of the KP equation in lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism

The conservation laws—precisely speaking, the basis of the conservation laws—are obtained through the use of Noether's theorem, Lie symmetry, and a theorem due to Ibragimov. Though in principle for each generator of Lie symmetry there should be a different conserved vector, due to the closed Lie algebra generated by the generators, some of these vectors become no longer independent. The theorem of Ibragimov is used to construct a basis in the case of the KP equation in three dimensions. It is then shown how the same analysis can be performed through the Hamiltonian formalism.     

Study of structural and ferromagnetic properties of pure and Cd doped copper ferrite

This report presents the synthesis of copper cadmium ferrite (Cu_1−xCd_xFe₂O₄, x=0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7) by the citrate precursor method and its subsequent characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and ferromagnetic resonance. XRD results confirm the single cubic spinel phase formation with the particle size of 40 nm, which decreased up to 20 nm with increase in Cd content, while the lattice parameter increased with increase in Cd content. A significant change in the magnetic properties was observed in the CuFe₂O₄ system with Cd doping. The line width and resonance field variation against change in temperature is noted and the data is fitted to the linearlized model (LM) and Smit and Beljers (SB) model to find out the parameters. The results recorded from the SB approach are in good agreement with those observed in the magnetic measurements carried out by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques.     

Phytochemical Investigation of Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. and Sheriff.—A Nutrient-Rich Leafy Vegetable from Western Ghats of India

Bidens biternata, belonging to the family Asteraceae, is an erect annual herb, up to 1 cm in height, and a widespread weed of cultivated areas. This plant is common, particularly in the Western Ghats regions of Kerala state in India. It is used as a leafy vegetable by the Paniya and Kattunaayika tribes of Waynadu Districts in Kerala and also to cure hepatitis, cold, cough, dysentery, etc. The multiplication and utilization of this leafy vegetable will help to overcome the nutritional deficiency problem and also to maintain the biodiversity. For effective biochemical analysis, plant extract was taken using different solvents. Various phytochemicals like reducing sugar, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, saponins, anthraquinones, phlobatannins and iridoids were estimated. Different nutritional factors like total carbohydrates, total proteins, total reducing sugar, different amino acids, free fatty acids, crude fibre, lipids, total moisture content, vitamins, etc. were tested by standard estimation methods. Anti-nutritional factors like phytic acid, total phenol, tannic acid, etc., were also estimated. Micronutrients and different pigments were quantified. The present studies revealed that this wild leafy plant has numerous nutritional factors with a low level of anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, this nutritive herb with diverse health-promoting compounds can be effectively utilized to overcome the nutritional deficiency problem around the globe.     

Carbon-13 NMR spectral studies on some labdane diterpenoids

Carbon-13 NMR signal assignments of the labdane diterpenoids andrographolide and 14-deoxyandrographolide, along with their acetates, and isodeoxyandrographolide have been made. This study indicates that the C-6 and C-11 resonance assignments of isovirescenol-B, made earlier, should be interchanged.     

Analysis of dideoxyadenosine triphosphate by CE with fluorescence detection. I. Derivatization through the phosphate group

A CZE method was developed, which separates 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (ddATP) from other metabolites and endogenous nucleotides at high concentrations (20-200 microg/mL) to allow UV detection. To enhance sensitivity, fluorescence detection which requires prior derivatization of compounds was examined. Precapillary derivatization of ddATP in the presence of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) with dansyl ethylenediamine (dansyl EDA) was faster and stable compared to that of 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl ethylenediamine (BODIPY FL EDA). Reaction conditions, reagent concentrations and detection parameters were optimized and highest derivatization efficiency was achieved in 0.1 M 1-methylimidazole buffer (pH 8.0) with 140 mM EDAC in 1-methylimidazole buffer and 30 mM dansyl EDA in DMF for 90 min at 60 degrees C. Dansyl EDA derivatives of ddATP, 2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (dATP) and ATP were comigrating with the CZE method; therefore, a MEKC method was developed and optimized for repeatable separations. Upon dansylation, sensitivity of ddATP with fluorescence detection (LOQ = 12 ng/mL) was 160 times higher than UV detection (LOQ = 1.9 microg/mL).