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81.
Alkenoyl and functionalized alkanoyl dodecanoyl peroxides are prepared in 70 to 97 % yield and photolyzed at ?78° C. Thereby 4- to 10-alkenoyl and 4-alkanoyl peroxides afford good yields (56 – 68 %) of unsymmetrical coupling products. Similarly α- to σ-haloalkanoyl, cholanoyl or 3- and 4-carboxyalkanoyl peroxides can be coupled (40 – 70 %). The α-chiral diacyl peroxide ls undergoes the photochemical coupling reaction with 80 % retention of its configuration. The photolysis of diacyl peroxides at ?78° C proves to be a favorable supplement of the Kolbe-electrolysis in cases, where the electrolysis fails or produces low yields. 相似文献
82.
A procedure for optimization of molecular geometries is presented, combining ab initio calculations with vibrational molecular data from spectroscopy or empirical force fields. Theoretical cartesian forces are transformed to vibrational normal coordinate forces from which geometry increments are calculated. Test results indicate that the method saves considerable effort compared to other optimization schemes. 相似文献
83.
H. Schäfer 《Mikrochimica acta》1978,70(3-4):321-325
Zusammenfassung Eine quantitative Bestimmungsmethode für Mikromengen Eisen und Nickel sowie Kupfer und Nickel, wie sie in Legierungen, Oxidgemischen und galvanischen Bädern vorkommen, wurde beschrieben. Die Metalle werden komplexometrisch mit ÄDTA und Kupferstandardlösung unter Verwendung einer kupferionensensitiven Elektrode und potentiometrischer Äquivalenzpunktindikation bestimmt. Eisen bzw. Kupfer werden direkt mit ÄDTA titriert, das Nickel dann in der gleichen Lösung durch Rücktitration des überschüssigen ÄDTA mit Kupferstandardlösung bestimmt.Die relativen Standardabweichungen der Bestimmungen liegen für Eisen bei ±(0,6 bis 1,2)%, für Kupfer bei ±(0,4 bis 0,8)% und für Nickel bei ±(0,6 bis 1,2)% jeweils für den Bereich von 800g bis 25g Metall. Unter den gewählten Bedingungen lassen sich mit dem Verfahren noch 25g Eisen, Kupfer bzw. Nickel bestimmen.
Complexometric sequential titrations of iron and nickel as well as copper and nickel in theg range
Summary A quantitative assay method was described for microamounts of iron and nickel such as occur in alloys, oxide mixtures and galvanic baths. The metals were determined complexometrically with EDTA and standard copper solution using an electrode sensitive to copper ions and potentiometric indication of the equivalence point. Iron and copper were titrated directly with EDTA, and nickel then determined in the same solution by back-titration of the excess EDTA with standard copper solution.The relative standard deviations of the assays are ±(0.6–1.2)% for iron, at ±(0.4–0.8)% for copper, and at ±(0.6–12.2)% for nickel for the range from 800–25g metal respectively. Under the conditions chosen, 25g of iron, copper or nickel can be determined using the procedure.相似文献
84.
Frunza L Kosslick H Pitsch I Frunza S Schönhals A 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(18):9154-9159
The rotational molecular dynamics of water confined to nanoporous molecular sieves of a regular hexagonal (SBA-15) and of a foamlike pore structure was studied by dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 10(-2) to 10(9) Hz and in a broad temperature interval. Two relaxation processes were observed: the process at lower frequencies is related to water molecules forming a layer, which is strongly adsorbed at the pore surface, whereas the relaxation process at higher frequencies is assigned to fluctuations of water molecules situated close to the center of the pore. The relaxation times of the low-frequency process for both materials and of the high-frequency process for the SBA-15 material have an unusual saddlelike temperature dependence, reported here for the first time. To describe this temperature dependence, a model developed for water confined to nanoporous glasses by Ryabov et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1845] was applied, which considers two competing effects. The characteristic features of these two competing processes were compared with those reported for other porous systems. 相似文献
85.
In the course of investigations on equestrian supplemental products for the presence of doping substances, two products were found to contain forbidden substances. As reported earlier a plant extract (Mexican cactus extract) named “Energy 5” contained the anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) stanozolol, 17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androstane-3β-ol (3β,5α-THMT) as well as mestanolone not declared on the label. In the present study, a product called “Super Kalm Paste” was tested. Analysis by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the preparation contained the class I anti-arrhythmics quinine (trade names KinidinTM, Durules) and cinchonine. The samples were prepared according to a sample preparation procedure established for anabolic steroids in nutritional supplements for humans. The sample treatment comprised the extraction and purification of the analytes as well as the chemical conversion with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoracetamide (MSTFA) to yield the trimethylsilyl (TMS)-derivatives. To verify whether the administration of such products could lead to positive doping tests, a pilot excretion study on “Energy 5” was conducted with two geldings, and urine samples were collected. Gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) after solid phase extraction and mixed derivatisation has demonstrated the presence of the stanozolol metabolite 16β-hydroxy-stanozolol in urine samples after “Energy 5” application. 相似文献
86.
87.
88.
G. Münzenberg S. Hofmann H. Folger F. P. Heßberger J. Keller K. Poppensieker B. Quint W. Reisdorf K. H. Schmidt H. J. Schött P. Armbruster M. E. Leino R. Hingmann 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1985,322(2):227-235
In irradiations of207Pb and208Pb, respectively, with54Cr theα-decay of the isotopes259106,260106, and261106 could be observed for the first time. For260106 a spontaneous fission branch of (50 ?20 +30 )% was observed. The isotopes were identified by genetic relationships of α-decay after separation in-flight with the velocity filter SHIP and implantation into a position-sensitive silicon surface-barrier detector. The measured partial fission halflife of the doubly even isotope260106 of (7.2 ?2.7 +4.8 )ms exceeds the predicted values by at least a factor of 40. This result could be explained by the high shell corrections of the ground state mass, derived from the measured α-decay energies. The experimental results show evidence for an island of purely shell stabilized nuclei in the region of deformed isotopes beyond the actinides. 相似文献
89.
90.
Joachim Angelkort Sander van Smaalen Prof. Dr. Sven Oliver Hauber Mark Niemeyer 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2007,633(7):1031-1035
Single crystal X‐ray diffraction of Eu(SC36H49)2 has revealed a first order phase transition at a temperature of 119 K, that involves a reduction of the specific volume by 1 %. The transition corresponds to a doubling of the unit cell, as it is the result from reorientations of isopropyl groups that appear at peripheral sites of the organic ligands. It is argued that a denser packing is achieved at the expense of a less favourable conformation of one of the two crystallographically‐independent complexes in the low‐temperature phase. The Bond‐Valence method is used to show that interactions of equal strengths are present between europium and both sulphur atoms and both coordinating phenyl rings. 相似文献