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Maxwell D. Cummings Jimmy Lindberg Tse‐I Lin Herman de Kock Oliver Lenz Elisabet Lilja Sara Felländer Vera Baraznenok Susanne Nyström Magnus Nilsson Lotta Vrang Michael Edlund Åsa Rosenquist Bertil Samuelsson Pierre Raboisson Kenneth Simmen 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2010,122(19):3320-3320
94.
Susanne Schmidt Michaela Zietz Monika Schreiner Sascha Rohn Lothar W. Kroh Angelika Krumbein 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2010,24(14):2009-2022
Kale is a member of the Brassicaceae family and has a complex profile of flavonoid glycosides. Therefore, kale is a suitable matrix to discuss in a comprehensive study the different fragmentation patterns of flavonoid glycosides. The wide variety of glycosylation and acylation patterns determines the health‐promoting effects of these glycosides. The aim of this study is to investigate the naturally occurring flavonoids in kale. A total of 71 flavonoid glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were identified using a high‐performance liquid chromatography diode‐array detection/electrospray ionization multi‐stage mass spectrometry (HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐MSn) method. Of these 71 flavonol glycosides, 27 were non‐acylated, 30 were monoacylated and 14 were diacylated. Non‐acylated flavonol glycosides were present as mono‐, di‐, tri‐ and tetraglycosides. This is the first time that the occurrence of four different fragmentation patterns of non‐acylated flavonol triglycosides has been reported in one matrix simultaneously. In addition, 44 flavonol glycosides were acylated with p‐coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, hydroxyferulic or sinapic acid. While monoacylated glycosides existed as di‐, tri‐ and tetraglycosides, diacylated glycosides occurred as tetra‐ and pentaglycosides. To the best of our knowledge, 28 compounds in kale are reported here for the first time. These include three acylated isorhamnetin glycosides (isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐sinapoyl‐sophoroside‐7‐O‐D‐glucoside, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐feruloyl‐sophoroside‐7‐O‐diglucoside and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐disinapoyl‐triglucoside‐7‐O‐diglucoside) and seven non‐acylated isorhamnetin glycosides. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
Scott D. Noblitt Florian M. Schwandner Susanne V. Hering Jeffrey L. Collett Jr. Charles S. Henry 《Journal of chromatography. A》2009,1216(9):1503-1510
A sensitive and selective separation of common anionic constituents of atmospheric aerosols, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and oxalate, is presented using microchip electrophoresis. The optimized separation is achieved in under 1 min and at low background electrolyte ionic strength (2.9 mM) by combining a metal-binding electrolyte anion (17 mM picolinic acid), a sulfate-binding electrolyte cation (19 mM HEPBS), a zwitterionic surfactant with affinity towards weakly solvated anions (19 mM N-tetradecyl,N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propansulfonate), and operation in counter-electroosmotic flow (EOF) mode. The separation is performed at pH 4.7, permitting pH manipulation of oxalate's mobility. The majority of low-concentration organic acids are not observed at these conditions, allowing for rapid subsequent injections without the presence of interfering peaks. Because the mobilities of sulfate, nitrate, and oxalate are independently controlled, other minor constituents of aerosols can be analyzed, including nitrite, fluoride, and formate if desired using similar separation conditions. Contact conductivity detection is utilized, and the limit of detection for oxalate (S/N = 3) is 180 nM without stacking. Sensitivity can be increased with field-amplified sample stacking by injecting from dilute electrolyte with a detection limit of 19 nM achieved. The high-sensitivity, counter-EOF operation, and short analysis time make this separation well-suited to continuous online monitoring of aerosol composition. 相似文献
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98.
Frauke Schimmele Christiane Kaiser Susanne Pitsch Helmut Sitzmann 《Chemie in Unserer Zeit》2016,50(4):234-243
Reactions of the alkaline earth metals magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium with water, phenolphthalein solution, diluted extract of red cabbage, diluted hydrochloric acid, or ammonia are well suited for a demonstration of the increase in reactivity within this group of metals with increasing atomic number. If the alkali metals lithium and sodium are included, the reactivity of six s‐block elements can be demonstrated in test tubes with small amounts of chemicals. 相似文献
99.
Susanne Bomke Michael Sperling Uwe Karst 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,397(8):3483-3494
Over the last few decades, the development of several innovative hyphenated analytical techniques and their routine use in
laboratories has led to new possibilities for the quantitative analysis of biomolecules. Today, the identification and quantification
of biomolecules such as peptides and proteins are essential to answer important medical, pharmaceutical, and biological questions.
To allow efficient detection and structure elucidation of biomolecules, several approaches including derivatization strategies
were investigated and applied during recent years. This article summarizes the current approaches for labeling and presents
the different types of organometallic derivatizing agents used as labels. Furthermore, their analytical potential with respect
to quantification and structure elucidation for different applications in the field of bioanalysis is discussed. 相似文献
100.
Christoph Stampfer Stefan Fringes Johannes Gfittinger Francoise Molitor Christian Yolk Bernat Terrds Jan Dauber Stephan Engels Stefan Schnez Arnhild Jacobsen Susanne Droscher Thomas Ihn Klaus Ensslin 《Frontiers of Physics》2011,6(3):271-293
Graphene nanostructures are promising candidates for future nanoelectronics and solid-state quantum information technology. In this review we provide an overview of a number of electron transport experiments on etched graphene nanostructures. We briefly revisit the electronic properties and the transport characteristics of bulk, i.e., two-dimensional graphene. The fabrication techniques for making graphene nanostructures such as nanoribbons, single electron transistors and quantum dots, mainly based on a dry etching ??paper-cutting?? technique are discussed in detail. The limitations of the current fabrication technology are discussed when we outline the quantum transport properties of the nanostructured devices. In particular we focus here on transport through graphene nanoribbons and constrictions, single electron transistors as well as on graphene quantum dots including double quantum dots. These quasi-one-dimensional (nanoribbons) and quasi-zero-dimensional (quantum dots) graphene nanostructures show a clear route of how to overcome the gapless nature of graphene allowing the confinement of individual carriers and their control by lateral graphene gates and charge detectors. In particular, we emphasize that graphene quantum dots and double quantum dots are very promising systems for spin-based solid state quantum computation, since they are believed to have exceptionally long spin coherence times due to weak spin-orbit coupling and weak hyperfine interaction in graphene. 相似文献