Measurement of π−p → π0n at large momentum transfer

New results on a high statistics measurement of pion-nucleon charge exchange scattering at 40 GeV/c, extending in momentum transfer up to ?t = 1.8 (GeV/c)², are reported and compared with an optical impact parameter model, together with previous data for the reaction π^?p → ηn at the same energy. The imaginary part of the pole trajectory b₀(s) is determined from the slope of the tangent to the maxima of $\text{(?t)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{d}\text{σ}\text{d}\text{t}$. The linear increase of Im b₀(s) with log s, which has been observed at low energies, continues up to 40 GeV/c.     

Results on ππ-interaction in the reaction πp → ππn at 8 GeV/c

We compare published ππ-phase shifts with results from an analysis of the reaction π⁻p→π^oπ^on. The ‘up’-solution as well as the ‘in-between’ -solution for the I = 0 s-wave ππ-scattering are ruled out. The only set of s-wave phase shifts consistent with our data is the ‘up-down’-solution with a rapid rise of σ₀⁰ near the KK?-threshold.     

Stabilization of Copper Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Reactions by Atomic Layer Deposition

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of an alumina overcoat can stabilize a base metal catalyst (e.g., copper) for liquid‐phase catalytic reactions (e.g., hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furfural in alcoholic solvents or water), thereby eliminating the deactivation of conventional catalysts by sintering and leaching. This method of catalyst stabilization alleviates the need to employ precious metals (e.g., platinum) in liquid‐phase catalytic processing. The alumina overcoat initially covers the catalyst surface completely. By using solid state NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and electron microscopy, it was shown that high temperature treatment opens porosity in the overcoat by forming crystallites of γ‐Al₂O₃. Infrared spectroscopic measurements and scanning tunneling microscopy studies of trimethylaluminum ALD on copper show that the remarkable stability imparted to the nanoparticles arises from selective armoring of under‐coordinated copper atoms on the nanoparticle surface.     

Catalytic ring expansion, contraction, and metathesis-polymerization of cycloalkanes

Tandem dehydrogenation-olefin-metathesis catalyst systems, comprising a pincer-ligated iridium-based alkane dehydrogenation catalyst and a molybdenum-based olefin-metathesis catalyst, are reported to effect the metathesis-cyclooligomerization of cyclooctane and cyclodecane to give cycloalkanes with various carbon numbers, predominantly multiples of the substrate carbon number, and polymers.     

Recent progress in methane dehydroaromatization: From laboratory curiosities to promising technology

Direct conversion of methane to benzene or other valuable chemicals is a very promising process for the efficient application of natural gas. Compared with conversion processes that require oxidants, non-oxidative direct conversion is more attractive due to high selectivity to the target product. In this paper, an alternative route for methane dehydrogenation and selective conversion to benzene and hydrogen without the participation of oxygen is discussed. A brief review of the catalysts used in methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) is first given, followed by our current understanding of the location and the active phase of Mo species, the reaction mechanism, the mechanism of carbonaceous deposit and the deactivation of Mo/zeolite catalysts are systematically discussed. Ways to improve the catalytic activity and stability are described in detail based on catalyst and reaction as well as reactor design. Future prospects for methane dehydroaromatization process are also presented.     

Beyond the Pummerer Reaction: Recent Developments in Thionium Ion Chemistry

Since the early 1960s the Pummerer reaction has evolved to become an indispensable tool for synthesis, and continues to serve as a source of inspiration for organic chemists. In recent years, many exciting advances have demonstrated the broad scope and synthetic utility of Pummerer methodology and the versatility of thionium ion intermediates.     

四配位Ti掺杂有机杂化介孔分子筛的直接合成与表征

以三嵌段共聚物P123为模板剂,NaCl为助剂,1,2-二(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)乙烷为硅源,在水热合成过程中引入钛源,原位一步合成了四配位Ti掺杂在骨架内的SBA-15型有机杂化介孔分子筛(Ti-PMO).利用小角X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜以及低温N2物理吸附等手段表征了Ti-PMO的晶体结构和织构性能,并利用紫外-可见漫反射光谱考察了钛源种类、钛源预水解时间、溶液酸性以及Si/Ti摩尔比对Ti存在形态的影响.研究结果表明,通过精确调控Ti-PMO的合成条件,可使钛源水解产生的低聚中间体与硅源水解产生的低聚中间体充分接触并发生共缩聚,引入的Ti原子能够最终随着水解的氧化硅物种自组装生成有序介孔结构的SBA-15型分子筛,并以四配位形式均匀分布于PMO骨架中.以Cl2TiCp2为钛源,盐酸浓度为0.18mol/L时,钛源预水解6h后加入硅源,在Si/Ti摩尔比大于20时可以得到骨架内四配位Ti掺杂的高度有序介孔结构有机杂化分子筛,其具有良好的热稳定性及水热稳定性.     

Relative Orientation of Rigid Nitroxides by PELDOR: Beyond Distance Measurements in Nucleic Acids

Show me your angle : Incorporation of the rigid spin label Ç allows determination of both distance and orientation of two nitroxide spin labels in DNA by PELDOR experiments at common X‐band frequencies. The orientational information is obtained by varying the position of the detection pulses over the nitroxide spectrum. Simulation of the set of time traces yields very precise distances and angles.

     

Nanometer distance measurements on RNA using PELDOR

A rapid increase in RNA structural studies has been seen in the past few years, in part due to the interest in the multitude of cellular functions performed by RNA. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is a useful technique for studying biopolymer structure under physiologically relevant conditions. We present herein the use of pulsed electron double resonance for the determination of a 35 +/- 2 A distance between two spin label nitroxides that were linked to specific positions within an RNA.     

Spectroscopically distinct sites present in methyltrioxorhenium grafted onto silica-alumina, and their abilities to initiate olefin metathesis

Deposition of CH3ReO3 onto the surface of dehydrated, amorphous silica-alumina generates a highly active, supported catalyst for the metathesis of olefins. However, silica-alumina with a high (10 wt %) Re loading is no more active than silica-alumina with low (1 wt %) loading, while CH3ReO3 on silica is completely inactive. Catalysts prepared by grafting CH3ReO3 on silica-alumina contain two types of spectroscopically distinct sites. The more strongly bound sites are responsible for olefin metathesis activity and are formed preferentially at low Re loadings (< or =1 wt %). They are created by two Lewis acid/base interactions: (1) the coordination of an oxo ligand to an Al center of the support and (2) interaction of one of the adjacent bridging oxygens (AlOSi) with the Re center. At higher Re loadings (1-10 wt %), CH3ReO3 also interacts with surface silanols by H-bonding. This gives rise to highly mobile sites, most of which can be observed by 13C solid-state NMR even without magic-angle spinning. Their formation can be prevented by capping the surface hydroxyl groups with hexamethyldisilazane prior to grafting CH3ReO3, resulting in a metathesis catalyst that is more selective, more robust, and more efficient in terms of Re use.