Decarbonylation of N-carbazolylacetyl chloride in the friedel-crafts acylation reaction

Reaction products of N-carbazolylacetyl chloride under Friedel-Crafts reaction conditions include carbon monoxide, the reaction product from carbazole and formaldehyde (CF condensate), and carbazole. It is postulated that decarbonylation of N-carbazolylacetyl chloride involves intermediate formation of a N-carbazolylmethyl cation.     

Analyse qualitative et quantitative de melanges complexes de chlorures de lanthanides,en utilisant la dispersion rotatoire magnetique

The general features of a new physical process for the qualitative and quantitative routine analysis of rare earth mixtures are given. The characteristic sharp lines in the magneto-optical rotation spectra of these elements are utilized. The recording photoelectric spectropolarimeter used is described briefly. A comparison is made with two other physical processes-absorption and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The proposed method appears to be the best when a mixture with more than 3 or 4 elements must be analysed. The sensitivity and accuracy are given for 9 rare earths. Improvements of the process are suggested.     

Consequence of boar edible tissue consumption on urinary profiles of nandrolone metabolites. II. Identification and quantification of 19-norsteroids responsible for 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone excretion in human urine

In previous work (Le Bizec et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2000; 14: 1058), it was demonstrated that a boar meal intake could lead to possible false accusations of abuse of 17beta-nortestosterone in antidoping control. The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify endogenous 19-norsteroids in boar edible tissue at concentrations that can alter the steroid urinary profile in humans, and lead to excretion of 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) and 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE). The samples were analysed in two laboratories. The methodologies used for extraction and detection (GC/MS(EI) and LC/MS/MS(APCI+)) are compared and discussed. 19-Norandrostenedione (NAED), 17beta- and 17alpha-nortestosterone (bNT, aNT), and 17beta- and 17alpha-testosterone (bT, aT) were quantified. The largest concentrations of NAED and bNT were observed in testicles (83 and 172 microg/kg), liver (17 and 63 microg/kg) and kidney (45 and 38 microg/kg). A correlation between the bNT and NAED content of a typical meal prepared with boar parts and the excreted concentrations of 19-NA and 19-NE in human urine was demonstrated.     

Trennung von Spurenelementaktivitäten aus Neutronenbestrahltem Selen mit Hilfe der Gegenstrom-Ionenwanderung

For the determination of trace elements in neutron irradiated, selenium by gamma-ray spectrometry the separation of the matrix activity is often necessary. In model experiments the decontamination of cation and anion impurities from the matrix solution was investigated by the counter current ion migration. After a processing of 3 hrs the trace activities of Co, Cr, Ga, Na and Zn were decontaminated from Se with a factor of >10³. For the trace elements As and Te representing the anionic constituents, a decontamination factor of 3·10² was obtained.     

Synthesis and reactions of some dihydro and tetrahydro-4H-imidazo[5,4,1-ij]quinoline derivatives

Reaction of phenyl N-(8-quinolinyl)carbamate with sodium borohydride afforded 1,2-dihydro-4H-imidazo-[5,4,1-ij]quinolin-2-one, 2a . The 5,6-double bond of 2a was functionalized by reaction with nitrosyl chloride to give the nitroolefin 4 and by reaction with hypobromous acid to give the trans-bromohydrin 5 . Reaction of 5 with sodium azide led to the rearranged trans-6-azido-5-ol 7 , the structure of which was determined by ¹H nmr studies.     

Relations between subclasses of greedoids

In previous papers many different classes and constructions of greedoids have been defined and studied. This paper documents inclusion relations among all subclasses of greedoids which are known so far. It will be shown that all inclusion relations are proper and that all but one subclasses of interval greedoids are distinct.

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Zusammenfassung In früheren Arbeiten wurden viele verschiedene Klassen und Konstruktionen für Greedoide eingeführt und studiert. In dieser Arbeit werden alle bekannten Inklusionsbeziehungen zwischen Unterklassen von Greedoiden dokumentiert. Es wird gezeigt, daß alle Inklusionsbeziehungen echt und alle Unterklassen mit einer Ausnahme tatsächlich verschieden sind.

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Supported by the joint research project Algorithmic Aspects of Combinatorial Optimization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia) and the German Research Association (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 21). Part of this research was done while the first author was visiting the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo.     

Uncertainty principle and uncertainty relations

It is generally believed that the uncertainty relation q p1/2, where q and p are standard deviations, is the precise mathematical expression of the uncertainty principle for position and momentum in quantum mechanics. We show that actually it is not possible to derive from this relation two central claims of the uncertainty principle, namely, the impossibility of an arbitrarily sharp specification of both position and momentum (as in the single-slit diffraction experiment), and the impossibility of the determination of the path of a particle in an interference experiment (such as the double-slit experiment).The failure of the uncertainty relation to produce these results is not a question of the interpretation of the formalism; it is a mathematical fact which follows from general considerations about the widths of wave functions.To express the uncertainty principle, one must distinguish two aspects of the spread of a wave function: its extent and its fine structure. We define the overall widthW and the mean peak width w of a general wave function and show that the productW w is bounded from below if is the Fourier transform of . It is shown that this relation expresses the uncertainty principle as it is used in the single- and double-slit experiments.