全文获取类型
收费全文 | 68416篇 |
免费 | 2549篇 |
国内免费 | 185篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 44093篇 |
晶体学 | 388篇 |
力学 | 1934篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
数学 | 11218篇 |
物理学 | 13513篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 491篇 |
2022年 | 556篇 |
2021年 | 925篇 |
2020年 | 997篇 |
2019年 | 1009篇 |
2018年 | 1320篇 |
2017年 | 1133篇 |
2016年 | 2176篇 |
2015年 | 1921篇 |
2014年 | 1988篇 |
2013年 | 3997篇 |
2012年 | 4517篇 |
2011年 | 4790篇 |
2010年 | 2942篇 |
2009年 | 2559篇 |
2008年 | 4125篇 |
2007年 | 4091篇 |
2006年 | 3697篇 |
2005年 | 3512篇 |
2004年 | 2977篇 |
2003年 | 2436篇 |
2002年 | 2125篇 |
2001年 | 1329篇 |
2000年 | 1136篇 |
1999年 | 847篇 |
1998年 | 660篇 |
1997年 | 630篇 |
1996年 | 758篇 |
1995年 | 521篇 |
1994年 | 579篇 |
1993年 | 563篇 |
1992年 | 571篇 |
1991年 | 489篇 |
1990年 | 461篇 |
1989年 | 424篇 |
1988年 | 363篇 |
1987年 | 362篇 |
1986年 | 329篇 |
1985年 | 509篇 |
1984年 | 486篇 |
1983年 | 329篇 |
1982年 | 438篇 |
1981年 | 399篇 |
1980年 | 368篇 |
1979年 | 331篇 |
1978年 | 310篇 |
1976年 | 318篇 |
1975年 | 281篇 |
1974年 | 274篇 |
1973年 | 288篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
R. Pérez-Olmos M. B. Etxebarria J. L. F. C. Lima M. C. B. S. M. Montenegro 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1998,362(2):230-233
A high dispersion FIA system with a fluoride selective and a double junction reference electrode in cascade arrangement was
developed for the determination of the fluoride content in chromium electroplating baths. The analyses of seven synthetic
baths prepared in the laboratory and two samples provided by the industry gave results with a mean recovery value of 100.5%,
and a mean variation coefficient of 1.6%. These data were better than those obtained by the EDTA complexometric titration,
the reference technique, with a mean recovery of 94.0% and a mean variation coefficient of 7.5%. The sampling rate for the
FIA manifold was 20 samples per hour.
Received: 27 November 1997 / Revised: 24 February 1998 / Accepted: 1 March 1998 相似文献
992.
Fernando A Iñón 《Analytica chimica acta》2003,477(1):59-71
A mathematical model for fitting the experimental ICM (integrated conductimetric method) curves developed by the authors in a previous work, is presented for the first time in this study. The proposed model fits the experimental curves with great precision and allows to predict physical dispersion for single-line flow injection system. The correlation of the model’s parameters with typical reactionless FIA peak parameters is also assessed. The IDQ coefficient—a novel dispersion estimator previously reported by the authors—can also be predicted when operational FIA variables are changed. Experimental and modelled profiles are compared as a function of the system’s variables, showing an excellent agreement. 相似文献
993.
Hirel C Luneau D Pécaut J Ohrström L Bussière G Reber C 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2002,8(14):3157-3161
The nitronyl nitroxide 2-cyano-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (1) crystallises in the tetragonal P42(1)m space group with a=7.4050(7), c=8.649(1) A. In the crystal the molecules form layers parallel to the ab plane in which they are orthogonal to each other. In the layers there are close contacts, 2.953(2) A, between the NO groups and the bridging carbon atoms of the O-N-C-N-O fragment of neighbouring radicals. The calculated spin density shows a positive population mainly and equally localised on the NO groups and small but significant negative spin densities on the bridging carbon atom and the cyano nitrogen. Absorption spectra show temperature-dependent transitions related to the magnetic behaviour. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility in the range 2-300 K reveals that couplings between the radicals are antiferromagnetic, and is interpreted by considering a two-dimensional square array of spin S=1/2 antiferromagnetically coupled (J=-10 cm(-1) and g=2.01). This is interpreted as an exchange coupling through close contact between positive and negative spin densities in orthogonal orbitals on oxygen and carbon atoms, respectively. 相似文献
994.
Determination of sulfametoxazole, sulfadiazine and associated compounds in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Berzas Nevado JJ Castañeda Peñalvo G Guzmán Bernardo FJ 《Journal of chromatography. A》2001,918(1):205-210
A capillary zone electrophoresis method is presented to separate sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, bromhexine and guaiacol by using a fused-silica capillary (60.2 cm x 75 microm I.D.). The separation was carried out at 30 kV and 25 degrees C in a 15 mM phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 6.2 as electrolyte. Under these conditions, the run time was 6 min and the limits of quantification were about 1 mg/l for every component. The method was applied to pharmaceutical preparations and the results provided recoveries close to 100%. 相似文献
995.
J. J. Ramírez-García M. Jiménez-Reyes M. Solache-Ríos E. Fernández-Ramírez H. López-González A. Rojas-Hernández 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2003,255(2):299-303
The solubility of europium at 0.02M, 0.1M and 0.7M NaClO4 ionic strength solutions was determined by a radiometric method and pEus-pCH diagrams were obtained. Hydrolysis constants were also determined at the same ionic strengths by pH titration and the values found were log *1 = -7.68±0.11, -8.07±0.10 and -8.20±0.11. The log K
sp values were -23.5±0.2, -22.7±0.2 and -21.9±0.2 for 0.02M, 0.1M and 0.7M NaClO4 ionic strengths, respectively, at 303 K under CO2-free conditions and the extrapolated value at zero ionic strength was log K
sp
0 = -24.15. The working pCH ranges for the calculation of the hydrolysis constants were selected from the pEus-pCH diagrams in the region where precipitation of europium oxide or hydroxide was less than 20%. Europium removal from aqueous solutions with zeolites was explored. 相似文献
996.
Nathalie Laronze Jean-François Moisan Catherine Roch-Marchal Feng-Xian Liu Gilbert Hervé 《Journal of Cluster Science》2002,13(3):355-368
Transition metal salts of heteropolyacids have been prepared taking into account the strong acidic and cation exchanging properties of the solid heteropolyacids. The exchange between protons and the transition metal cation is carried out by stirring a suspension of the hydrated heteropolyacid in a solution of the metal acetylacetonate complex in toluene. The exchange occurs on the surface of the solid particles and diffusion of protons and metal cations into the hydrated lattice leads to the substitution of all the protons. The method can be utilized in order to prepare supported vanadyl and copper molybdophosphates from supported heteropolyacids and they have been studied in the catalysis of the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid. The effect of vanadyl counter-ions on the catalytic behavior is the same as observed with bulk catalysts but, on the contrary, copper supported molybdophosphate shows an acid catalytic activity not observed with bulk catalysts. 相似文献
997.
998.
Anna Painelli Francesca Terenziani Zoltán G. Soos 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2007,117(5-6):915-931
We discuss electron-transfer processes that govern the physics of several materials or systems of interest for advanced applications.
The discussion touches upon several topics, ranging from solvatochromism to solvent-induced symmetry breaking, from excitonic
to cooperative effects in molecular crystals, from phase transitions to vibrational contributions to the dielectric constant
in organic materials, from spectroscopy to molecular transport. In all these diverse systems electron transfer (ET) plays
a major role and is discussed with reference to simple models for delocalized charges. 相似文献
999.
Aranka Pilbáth Ilona Felhősi Gyula Tolnai Erika Kálmán 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2006,10(9):721-729
Due to the toxic and carcinogenic properties of hexavalent chromium ion, the corrosion protection with chromating technique needs replacement. Several environmentally friendly alternative metal pretreatments have already been proposed. One of these methods is the application of self-assembling molecules to form mono- or multilayers on the metal surfaces. These layers can prevent metal dissolution due to their dense and stable structure. The objective of our studies was to protect zinc surface against corrosion, with a thin phosphonate layer. Aqueous solutions of diphosphonic acid with different alkyl chain lengths were applied with different treatment times. The layer formation, stability, and corrosion protection of these films were monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the effect of 1,5-diphosphono-pentane (DPP) on zinc was studied by polarization curves. The wetting properties were determined by static contact angle measurement. 1,5-Diphosphono-pentane forms a thin layer, with a pronounced protective ability in neutral aqueous solutions. The application of self-assembling molecules can be a promising method to replace the chromating technique on zinc surface. 相似文献
1000.
S. Jakobs Ulrike Schulz Angela Duparré Norbert Kaiser 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1997,358(1-2):242-244
SiO2 protective coatings have been deposited on polycarbonate substrates by plasma ion assisted deposition. The influence of ion energy on the water permeability and the surface topography of the coatings was studied by infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Coatings deposited at sufficiently high ion energies show a barrier effect against moisture uptake and considerably reduced film roughness. Both effects are attributed to an increase of the packing densities of the coatings. 相似文献