Biosensing approach for glutathione detection using glutathione reductase and sulfhydryl oxidase bienzymatic system

Chitosan membrane with glutathione reductase and sulfhydryl oxidase (SOX) was subsequently integrated onto the surface of spectrographic graphite rods for obtaining a glutathione biosensor. The working principle was based on the monitoring of O₂ consumption that correlates the concentration of glutathione during the enzymatic reaction. A linear relationship between sensor response and concentration was obtained between 0.5 and 2.0 mM for oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and 0.2–1.0 mM for reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of 2 μM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) under the optimum working conditions. Also, reduced/oxidized glutathione were separated by HPLC and utility of bienzymatic system was investigated as an electrochemical detector for the analysis of these compounds. All data were given as a comparison of two systems: biosensor and diode array detector (DAD).     

Abraham Model Correlations for Triethylene Glycol Solvent Derived from Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficient,Partition Coefficient and Solubility Data Measured at 298.15 K

A gas chromatographic headspace analysis method was used to experimentally determine gas-to-liquid partition coefficients and infinite dilution activity coefficients for 29 liquid organic solutes dissolved in triethylene glycol at 298.15 K. Solubilities were also determined at 298.15 K for 23 crystalline nonelectrolyte organic compounds in triethylene glycol based on spectroscopic absorbance measurements. The experimental results of the headspace chromatographic and spectroscopic solubility measurements were converted to gas-to-triethylene glycol and water-to-triethylene glycol partition coefficients, and molar solubility ratios using standard thermodynamic relationships. Expressions were derived for solute transfer into triethylene glycol by combining our measured experimental values with published literature data. Mathematical correlations based on the Abraham model describe the observed partition coefficient and solubility data to within 0.16 log₁₀ units (or less).     

New energy-efficient method of electrical propulsion in air by using charged microdroplets

A novel type of thrust system is proposed that operates in air and consists of an emitter of charged droplets and a multigrid electrode system in which the stream of these droplets flows in a constant longitudinal electric field, thereby initiating an air flow. The reactive force caused by the air flow and the efficiency with which the electric current energy is converted into the energy of this flow are estimated. It is shown that if a battery of hydrogen fuel elements is used as a power supply, this method of electrical propulsion makes it possible to reduce energy expenditure more than fourfold as compared to existing propeller vehicles. A feasible scheme is presented for a vehicle using such an engine.     

Electrochemical polymerization of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1 H-pyrrole as a novel immobilization platform for microbial sensing

Two types of bacterial biosensor were constructed by immobilization of Gluconobacter oxydans and Pseudomonas fluorescens cells on graphite electrodes modified with the conducting polymer; poly(1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1 H-pyrrole) [SNS(NO₂)]. The measurement was based on the respiratory activity of cells estimated by the oxygen consumption at − 0.7 V due to the metabolic activity in the presence of substrate. As well as analytical characterization, the linear detection ranges, effects of electropolymerization time, pH and cell amount were examined by using glucose as the substrate. The linear relationships were observed in the range of 0.25–4.0 mM and 0.2–1.0 mM for G. oxydans and P. fluorescens based sensors, respectively.     

An unusual polycatenating network self‐assembled by the 2D → 2D parallel → 3D parallel interpenetration of coordinative and hydrogen‐bonded (6,3) motifs

In the title coordination compound, catena‐poly[[[bis[diaquacadmium(II)]‐μ₂‐trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene]bis{μ₂‐2,2′‐[(5‐carboxymethoxy‐m‐phenylene)dioxy]diacetato}] trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene solvate dihydrate], {[Cd₂(C₁₂H₁₀O₉)₂(C₁₂H₁₀N₂)(H₂O)₄]·C₁₂H₁₀N₂·2H₂O}_n, (I), each Cd^II centre adopts a pentagonal–bipyramidal coordination geometry. The incompletely deprotonated 2,2′‐[(5‐carboxymethoxy‐m‐phenylene)dioxy]diacetate (TCMB) ligands and trans‐1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene (bpe) ligands both act as bidentate bridges, linking the Cd^II centres into one‐dimensional ladders, which are connected into an undulating two‐dimensional (6,3) layer through O—H...N hydrogen bonds between the carboxylate groups of the TCMB ligands and the N atoms of the uncoordinated bpe ligands. Each undulating layer polycatenates two other identical layers, exhibiting the unusual combination of both 2D → 2D parallel and 2D → 3D parallel interpenetration (2D and 3D are two‐ and three‐dimensional, respectively).     

The synthesis and cytotoxic activity of N-unsubstituted 3-aryl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-spiro[chromeno[3,4-c]pyrrolidine-1,11'-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalines]

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds - A method for a regio- and stereoselective synthesis of N-unsubstituted...     

手性2-甲氧羰基-4-氟苯基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂卓的不对称合成及抑真菌活性

以(R)/(S)-4-苄基-2-噁唑烷酮为手性助剂,采用不对称合成方法制备了18个具有光学活性的2-甲氧羰基-4-氟苯基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂卓类化合物9a~9i和14a~14i,经HPLC分析e.e.值较为理想;通过核磁共振谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱表征了其结构,通过单晶X射线衍射法确定化合物9h的相对构型;用抑菌圈法测试了目标化合物对新生隐球菌的抑菌活性.研究结果表明,由S型手性助剂诱导不对称合成的杂卓对新生隐球菌的抑制作用普遍高于由R型手性助剂诱导合成的杂卓及外消旋体.测试了抑菌活性较好的化合物14a~14f的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MFC),发现其对新生隐球菌的MIC和MFC均低于抗真菌药物氟康唑.