提高微晶硅薄膜太阳电池效率的研究

采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备了系列微晶硅薄膜太阳电池，指出了气体总流量和背反射电极的类型对电池性能参数的影响.电池的I-V测试结果表明：随反应气体总流量的增加，对应电池的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子都有很大程度的提高，结果使得电池的光电转换效率得以提高.另外，ZnO/Ag/Al背反射电极能明显提高电池的短路电流密度，进而也提高了电池的光电转换效率.对气体总流量和背反射电极类型影响电池效率的原因进行了分析. 关键词： 微晶硅薄膜太阳电池 气体流量 ZnO/Ag/Al背反射电极     

混合工质HFC134a/HCs替代R502的性能分析

针对目前R502主流替代工质R507和R404A存在的温室效应指数高、与矿物油互溶性差等缺点,提出了环保性能更好的三组近共沸混合工质R134a/R290、R134a/R1270和R134a/R290/R1270作为R502新型替代工质;并对其热物性、循环性能、安全性能和溶油性进行了计算分析。结果表明：除了压缩机排气温度偏高,这三组R134a/HCs混合工质的其它主要循环性能参数如压缩机压力比、容积制冷量和系统性能系数COP都优于R507和R404A,并且从理论上讲不存在可燃可爆的危险,同时可以与矿物油互溶,在替代R502方面更具有优势,其中R134a/R290/R1270在高热负荷下的综合性能最优良。     

基于平底孔反射体的双晶直探头测量模型

双晶探头在无损检测领域有着重要的应用,因而有必要建立一个超声测量模型来深入了解这类换能器的特点.通过将一个基于传递矩阵的多高斯声束模型和一个基尔霍夫近似方法获得的散射模型有效结合,建立了一个完整的纵波双晶直探头测量模型,用于预测平底孔缺陷体的回波信号.对比分析了平底孔反射回波信号的模型计算结果与实验测量结果,验证了该测量模型的准确性. 关键词： 超声测量模型 双晶直探头 多高斯声束模型     

具有双向认证功能的量子秘密共享方案

利用两粒子纠缠态作为经典信息的载体,结合Hash函数和量子本地操作提出了一种可以实现双向认证功能的量子秘密共享方案,并且分析了它的安全性. 这种方案的安全性基于秘密共享双方的认证密钥和传输过程中粒子排列次序的保密. 若不考虑认证和窃听检测所消耗的粒子,平均1个Bell态共享2 bit经典信息. 关键词： 量子秘密共享 认证密钥 量子双向认证 两粒子量子纠缠     

用耦合簇理论及相关一致基研究NH2自由基的解析势能函数

运用CCSD(T)理论和Dunning等的系列相关一致基对NH2分子的基态结构进行了优化, 并使用优选出的cc-pV5Z基组对其进行了频率计算. 得到的结果是: 平衡核间距RNH= 0.10247 nm, 键角∠HNH = 102.947°, 离解能De = 4.2845 eV, 振动频率ν1(a1) = 1546.0342 cm-1, ν2(a1) = 3379.5543 cm-1和ν3(b2) = 3474.4784 cm-1. 对NH及H2分子, 使用优选出的cc-pV6Z基组对其基态的几何构型与谐振频率进行了计算并进行了单点能扫描, 且将扫描结果拟合成了解析的Murrell-Sorbie函数. 采用多体项展式理论导出了NH2分子的解析势能函数, 其等值势能图准确再现了NH2分子的离解能和结构特征. 报导了NH2分子对称伸缩振动等值势能图中存在的两个对称鞍点, 对应于反应NH+H→NH2, 势垒高度约为0.1378×4.184 kJ/mol.     

Treatment of nano-sized rutile phase TiO2 powder under ultrasonic irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution and investigation of its sonocatalytic activity

The treated mixed-crystal TiO(2) powder with high sonocatalytic activity was obtained through utilizing ultrasonic irradiation in hydrogen peroxide solution. At the same time, some influencing factors (including heat-treated temperature and heat-treated time) on the sonocatalytic activity of treated mixed-crystal TiO(2) powder were also considered through the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. In this work, it was found that the sonocatalytic degradation ratio of methylene blue in the presence of treated mixed-crystal TiO(2) powder was much higher than ones in the presence of nano-sized rutile phase TiO(2) powder and with onefold ultrasonic irradiation. At last, the methylene blue in aqueous solution was completely degraded and became some simple inorganic anions such as NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-). All experiments indicated that the sonocatalytic method adopting treated mixed-crystal TiO(2) powder as sonocatalyst was an advisable choice for the treatments of non- or low-transparent wastewaters in future.     

Four-wave mixing with non-resonant pump and resonant probe for OH detection in flames

We report a new long-term interferometric stabilization scheme for a delay line to be used for pump–probe spectroscopy on the attosecond time scale. A separate interferometer with a He–Ne laser beam is used to stabilize the delay line with respect to a slow drift in the optical delay induced mainly by ambient temperature changes in the laboratory. The power of the stabilization scheme is demonstrated with the characterization of an attosecond pulse train in the extreme ultraviolet formed through high order harmonic generation of Ti:sapphire laser radiation. We use the RABBITT technique for the attosecond pulse-train characterization in a reaction microscope employed here for photoelectron–photoion-coincidence spectroscopy. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.65.Re; 07.60.Ly; 07.81.+a; 32.80.Fb     

冲击作用下纳米孔洞动力学行为的多尺度方法模拟研究

本文利用多尺度方法研究了包含孔洞金属材料在冲击加载条件下的动力学行为. 该多尺度方法结合了分子动力学和有限元方法,分子动力学方法运用于局部缺陷区域,而有限元方法运用于整个模型区域,两种方法之间使用桥尺度函数进行连接. 计算结果既包括了系统宏观的物理信息,如应变场、应力场、温度场等,也得到了微观原子的物理信息,如原子能量和位置坐标等. 结合以上的模拟结果,发现孔洞的坍塌与材料屈服强度和冲击强度有关,而孔洞坍塌和坍塌过程中对微喷射原子的压缩过程是形成局部热点的主要原因. 同时也发现孔洞坍塌形成的位错和局部热点可以导致局部绝热剪切带更容易形成. 关键词： 微孔洞 热点 冲击加载 多尺度方法     

Effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone on the structure and laser damage resistance of sol–gel silica anti-reflective films

The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the structure and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of sol–gel silica anti-reflective films is investigated. The results of dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and small angle X-ray scattering, show that the PVP molecules surrounded the silica sol particles through the strong hydrogen bonds between Si-OH groups and the PVP. As a result, the growth of silica particles was restricted and thus the interface layer between the silica particles and the solvent become thickened with PVP content. Furthermore, the PVP reduced the porosity of the film, so the anti-reflection properties of the film were weakened. A multi-fractal analysis showed that the appropriate addition of PVP, 1 weight percent (wt%), could improve the surface fractal structure of the film, but that higher PVP content resulted in reduced surface uniformity. The addition of PVP lead to improved LIDT.     

Microstructure and wear resistance of laser clad cobalt-based alloy multi-layer coatings

Multi-layer Co-based alloy (HMSP 2537) were deposited on Ni-based superalloy plate with a TJ-TL-T5000 type CO₂ laser. Sections of such coatings were examined to reveal their microstructure and phase composition using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The hardness and wear resistance of the coatings were tested. The results showed that the prime phase (γ-Co dendrite) and other phases, such as CrNi, Co₇W₆, and Cr₂₃C₆ existed in the coatings. Dendrite or cellular microstructures were observed perpendicular to the interface, and coarsening microstructures were obtained as more layers deposited. Dendrite paralleling to laser scan speed was also found near the top surface of the last layer. Fine microstructures of γ-Co dendrite and lamellar eutectic in inter-dendritic regions strengthened the coatings. Microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings were much higher than that of substrate but slightly decreased with layers increased.