粘土担载的钼基催化剂的制备、结构及CO加氢合成醇性能

采用溶胶凝胶法与等体积浸渍相结合制备了一系列以粘土为载体的K-Co-Mo催化剂. 采用XRD、N₂等温吸脱附、H_{26+的还原,但对Mo⁴⁺和Co²⁺的还原没有明显的影响. 催化剂经还原后,在其表面生成了一种更低价态的Mo^δ+(1<δ<4)物种,被认为是合成醇的活性中心. 与非负载催化剂相比,粘土担载的K-Co-Mo具有更高的合成醇性能. 负载型催化剂具有较高的活性物种分散度,并且其介孔结构在一定程度上延长了合成醇反应中间体的滞留时间,从而促进了低碳醇的生成. 经773 K还原的催化剂具有较高的活性,其原因可为催化剂表面具有较高含量的Mo^δ+物种.}     

基于光腔衰荡光谱的宽范围水汽探测

介绍基于光腔衰荡光谱技术的光学湿度测量装置．该装置具有高真空兼容性,衰荡腔由低膨胀的殷钢制成,并利用其自身的自由光谱范围实现光谱的自标定．使用单个在1.39 μm的半导体激光器,实 现了从真空、高纯氦气中痕量水汽,一直到大气湿度的测量,可测量的水汽分压范围极大：0.1 μPa～1 kPa．该光学湿度计可用于作为基本水汽标准,以及测定低温下水(冰)的蒸气压．     

Back contact–absorber interface modification by inserting carbon intermediate layer and conversion efficiency improvement in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cell

Carbon layers have been employed as intermediate layers between Mo back contact and Cu₂ZnSn(S_1–xSe_x)₄(CZTSSe) absorber film prepared by sol–gel and post‐selenization method. Carbon layers with appropriate thickness can significantly inhibit the formation of MoSe₂ and voids at bottom region of the absorber, and therefore reduce the series resistance remarkably. The conversion efficiency can be boosted by the introducing of the carbon layer from 6.20% to 7.24% by enhancement in short current density, fill factor and open voltage in comparison to the reference sample without carbon layer. However, excess thickness of carbon layer will worse device performance due to the deteriorated absorber crystallinity. In addition, the time‐resolved photoluminescence analysis shows that inserting the carbon layer with suitable thickness does not introduce recombination and lower minority lifetime. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Reception pattern influence on magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction

Based on the acoustic radiation theory of a dipole source,the influence of the transducer reception pattern is studied for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI).Numerical studies are conducted to simulate acoustic pressures,waveforms,and reconstructed images with unidirectional,omnidirectional,and strong directional transducers.With the analyses of equivalent and projection sources,the influences of the model dimension and the layer effect are qualitatively analyzed to evaluate the performance of MAT-MI.Three-dimensional simulation studies show that the strong directional transducer with a large radius can reduce the influences of equivalent sources,projection sources,and the layer effect effectively,resulting in enhanced pressure and improved image contrast,which is beneficial for boundary pressure extraction in conductivity reconstruction.The reconstructed conductivity contrast images present the conductivity boundaries as stripes with different contrasts and polarities,representing the values and directions of the conductivity changes of the scanned layer.The favorable results provide solid evidence for transducer selection and suggest potential practical applications of MAT-MI in biomedical imaging.     

Efficient electrochemical incineration of phenol on activated carbon fiber as a new type of particulates

The feasibility of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) used as a new type of particle electrodes in 3-dimensional (3D) electrode for the electrochemical degradation of phenol wastewater was investigated for the first time. The surface morphology, textual properties and electrochemical behaviors of ACF were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N₂-BET sorption and cyclic voltammograms (CVs), respectively. Compared with the commercialized granular activated carbon (GAC), ACF particle electrodes exhibited higher electrochemical oxidation performance on the mineralization of target pollutant. The identification of intermediates indicated most of oxidation products were adsorbed onto the ACFs. The detection of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the reaction system suggested that the reaction mechanism was direct anodic oxidation of pollutant on ACFs if the cathode did not contact the ACFs. The operative parameters including initial concentration of substrate, applied current density and the initial aqueous pH have been scientifically studied in search of the optimum condition. Based upon the obtained results, the ACFs longevity was tested in solution at pH 2.0, revealing relatively high electrooxidation capacity and long catalyst lifetime of ACFs in acid solution.     

Synthesis of a New Liquid Crystalline Polymer as a Highly Active β-Nucleator and Its Effect on Melting and Crystallization Behaviors of Isotactic Polypropylene

A new nematic liquid crystalline polymer as a highly active β-nucleator (LCP-N) of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was synthesized and characterized. The effect of LCP-N on thermal behavior of the iPP was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. LCP-N showed a melting transition at 85.0°C and a nematic to isotropic phase transition at 278.0°C. The incorporation of LCP-N could lead to substantial changes in the thermal behavior of the iPP. The nucleating activity of LCP-N mainly depended on its content, mesogenic molecular structure, and thermal history of processing. A high content of β-form could be obtained by the combined effect of the optimum LCP-N concentration and crystallization temperature and time. The Φ_β reached 77% when the LCP-N content, crystallization temperature, and crystallization time were 0.4 wt.%, 125°C, and 1 h, respectively.     

Microwave absorbing properties of Fe3O4–poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) hybrids in low‐frequency band

A facile method is proposed to obtain microwave absorbing materials (MAMs), which possess strong microwave absorption properties in low‐frequency range. By simply mechanical mixing, the obtained Fe₃O₄–poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) hybrids exhibit more excellent microwave absorbing properties than that of Fe₃O₄ or PEDOT individually. The analysis on the microwave absorbing properties of the Fe₃O₄–PEDOT hybrids indicates that the excellent microwave absorbing properties are ascribed to several factors, like the dielectric loss, the interface polarization, eddy current effect, natural ferromagnetic resonance, and the impedance as well as the thickness of the coating. The Fe₃O₄–PEDOT hybrids with appropriate mass ratios of PEDOT to Fe₃O₄ (represented by (PEDOT)/(Fe₃O₄)) show superior microwave absorbing property at low frequency. When the thickness is 4 mm, the reflection loss of the sample reached ?15.8 dB at 3.2 GHz with (PEDOT)/(Fe₃O₄) of 3 and ?31.4 dB at 4.5 GHz with (PEDOT)/(Fe₃O₄) of 2, respectively. The obtained Fe₃O₄–PEDOT MAMs will have a promising application in the practical industry and commerce affairs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of an adhesion‐enhancing polysiloxane containing epoxy groups for addition‐cure silicone light emitting diodes encapsulant

Addition‐cure silicone resin is considered as a good choice for light emitting diodes (LEDs); however, it has very poor adhesion to the substrate, which limits its practical application. A novel polysiloxane with self‐adhesion ability and higher refractive index for the encapsulating of high‐power LEDs is prepared and characterized. This polysiloxane containing vinyl groups, phenyl groups, and epoxy groups was synthesized by a sol‐gel condensation process from methacryloxy propyl trimethoxyl silane, γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane, and diphenylsilanediol under the catalysis of an anion exchange resin. Then, the resin‐type encapsulation material was prepared by hydrosilylation of methylphenyl hydrogen‐containing silicone resin and the newly synthesized polysiloxane material. The novel polysiloxane was characterized by ¹H‐NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On the basis of higher refractive index, higher transparency, excellent thermal stability, and appropriate hardness, as well as good adhesive strength between the encapsulating material and the LED lead frame (polyphthalamide), the curable silicone resin‐type encapsulation material can be used as an encapsulant for LEDs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CDK5-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1 during neuronal maturation

Mitochondrial functions are essential for the survival and function of neurons. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mitochondrial functions are highly associated with mitochondrial morphology, which is dynamically changed by the balance between fusion and fission. Mitochondrial morphology is primarily controlled by the activation of dynamin-related proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which promotes mitochondrial fission. Drp1 activity is regulated by several post-translational modifications, thereby modifying mitochondrial morphology. Here, we found that phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (S616) is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in post-mitotic rat neurons. Perturbation of CDK5 activity modified the level of Drp1^S616 phosphorylation and mitochondrial morphology in neurons. In addition, phosphorylated Drp1^S616 preferentially localized as a cytosolic monomer compared with total Drp1. Furthermore, roscovitine, a chemical inhibitor of CDKs, increased oligomerization and mitochondrial translocation of Drp1, suggesting that CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of Drp1 serves to reduce Drp1''s fission-promoting activity. Taken together, we propose that CDK5 has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology via inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1^S616 in post-mitotic neurons.     

Effect of pH value on the growth morphology of KH2PO4 crystal grown in defined crystallographic direction

KH₂PO₄ single crystals were grown in aqueous solution at different pH values by using “point seeds” with a defined crystallographic direction at 59 degree to the Z axis. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was applied to observe the surface morphology of (100) face. It was found that at the same supersaturation, the larger steps appeared at the lower pH value before appearance of 2D nucleus. We found that 2D nucleus was occurred at σ ≤ 0.04 when pH value is <2.8. The occurrence of 2D nucleus was caused by the decreasing step‐edge free energy with the decreasing of pH value in the growth solution. In this paper, we observed the morphologies of (100) faces of KDP crystals which grew in solutions with different pH values. 2D nucleuses appeared on the terrace of growth steps when pH value down to 2.8 and 3.2 at supersaturation of 0.04, while pH value down to 2.4, only 2D nucleation control the growth. Therefore, the pH value can change the growth mechanism of KDP crystals.